This study details soil’s physical and chemical properties in a rice-grown environment in Minna environs Niger State, Nigeria, under different soil and water conservation practices. Soil samples were collected at 0 -...This study details soil’s physical and chemical properties in a rice-grown environment in Minna environs Niger State, Nigeria, under different soil and water conservation practices. Soil samples were collected at 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm, respectively, using a soil auger to determine their physical and chemical properties such as moisture content, particle size, bulk density, particle density, porosity and organic matter. The textural classification determined the percentage dominance of the soil types in each study site location. The moisture content of site 1 ranged between 14.3% to 13.7%, site 2 ranged between 13.2% to 10.2%, site 3 ranged between 15.4% to 13.2%, site 4 ranged between 15.6% to 13.6% and site 5 ranged between 16.1% to 10.9%. The clay content of sites 3, 4 and 5 is higher than that of sites 1 and 2, while the silt contents of sites 1, 2 and 3 are higher than that of sites 4 and 5. The mean value of soil organic carbon from each study location was 2.37%, 2.03%, 2.43%, 2.07% and 2.17% for sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Therefore, site 1 is susceptible to erosion because of poor infiltration rate and well-ploughed or cultivated land by the tractor (harrowed). The particle sizes analysis indicated that the soil type in Site 1 and Site 2 is mainly sandy loam, while Site 3 and Site 5 are mainly loamy and predominantly clay loam in Site 4.展开更多
Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during ...Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m<sup>2</sup> (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. Minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.展开更多
Land Management Systems (LMS) are institutional frameworks complex by the tasks they must achieve, national, cultural, political, and judicial settings and technology. The urbanisation process in Nigeria has increased...Land Management Systems (LMS) are institutional frameworks complex by the tasks they must achieve, national, cultural, political, and judicial settings and technology. The urbanisation process in Nigeria has increased since the 1960s because of the crude oil boom era and other government-backed industrial initiatives and investments. This study employed the use of both primary and secondary sources of data. Preliminary data comprise methods of land use, types of agricultural activities carried out and the process of working on the land by the farmers within a 10 km radius. The secondary data involved the interactive digital and visual techniques of the Geographical Information system for five seasons, with each having a ten-year interval span within 1975 to 2015. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 2013 and XLSTAT 2015. Five land use and land cover types were observed within the Gidan Kwano watershed, which includes wetlands (WL), water bodies (WB), bare grounds (BG), vegetation (VG), and settlements (SL). The most prevalent landform in the study area during the 1975 period was the vegetative area which was 50% of the total landmass. Thus, the vegetation (VG) covered half of the Gidan Kwano watershed. However, the vegetative area decreased substantially during the study period of 1975 to 2015. It was observed that the vegetation (VG) within the study area had the highest percentage of coverage, of 34%. During the study period, a significant decrease was observed in the WL, WB and VG areas. It was also concluded that due to the built-up places, the infiltration of surface runoff from rainwater would be drastically reduced as most of the sections are paved for construction activities while a section of the study area is covered with rock outcrops and farmlands.展开更多
文摘This study details soil’s physical and chemical properties in a rice-grown environment in Minna environs Niger State, Nigeria, under different soil and water conservation practices. Soil samples were collected at 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm, respectively, using a soil auger to determine their physical and chemical properties such as moisture content, particle size, bulk density, particle density, porosity and organic matter. The textural classification determined the percentage dominance of the soil types in each study site location. The moisture content of site 1 ranged between 14.3% to 13.7%, site 2 ranged between 13.2% to 10.2%, site 3 ranged between 15.4% to 13.2%, site 4 ranged between 15.6% to 13.6% and site 5 ranged between 16.1% to 10.9%. The clay content of sites 3, 4 and 5 is higher than that of sites 1 and 2, while the silt contents of sites 1, 2 and 3 are higher than that of sites 4 and 5. The mean value of soil organic carbon from each study location was 2.37%, 2.03%, 2.43%, 2.07% and 2.17% for sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Therefore, site 1 is susceptible to erosion because of poor infiltration rate and well-ploughed or cultivated land by the tractor (harrowed). The particle sizes analysis indicated that the soil type in Site 1 and Site 2 is mainly sandy loam, while Site 3 and Site 5 are mainly loamy and predominantly clay loam in Site 4.
文摘Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m<sup>2</sup> (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. Minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.
文摘Land Management Systems (LMS) are institutional frameworks complex by the tasks they must achieve, national, cultural, political, and judicial settings and technology. The urbanisation process in Nigeria has increased since the 1960s because of the crude oil boom era and other government-backed industrial initiatives and investments. This study employed the use of both primary and secondary sources of data. Preliminary data comprise methods of land use, types of agricultural activities carried out and the process of working on the land by the farmers within a 10 km radius. The secondary data involved the interactive digital and visual techniques of the Geographical Information system for five seasons, with each having a ten-year interval span within 1975 to 2015. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 2013 and XLSTAT 2015. Five land use and land cover types were observed within the Gidan Kwano watershed, which includes wetlands (WL), water bodies (WB), bare grounds (BG), vegetation (VG), and settlements (SL). The most prevalent landform in the study area during the 1975 period was the vegetative area which was 50% of the total landmass. Thus, the vegetation (VG) covered half of the Gidan Kwano watershed. However, the vegetative area decreased substantially during the study period of 1975 to 2015. It was observed that the vegetation (VG) within the study area had the highest percentage of coverage, of 34%. During the study period, a significant decrease was observed in the WL, WB and VG areas. It was also concluded that due to the built-up places, the infiltration of surface runoff from rainwater would be drastically reduced as most of the sections are paved for construction activities while a section of the study area is covered with rock outcrops and farmlands.