Salmonella infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:A case report

BACKGROUND Infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)are rare.No cases of Salmonella infection have been described to our knowledge.CASE SUMMARY We describe a rare case of Salmonella infection in a 23-year-old patient following an ACLR.The patient presented with subacute septic arthritis,26 d after a hamstring autograft ACLR.The pathogen,Salmonella enterica typhimurium was isolated by bacteriological sampling of the first arthroscopic lavage.Two arthroscopic lavages were required,with intravenous antibiotic therapy for two weeks with cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin,followed by oral antibiotics with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin for a total duration of three months.This approach treated the infection but two years after the septic arthritis,faced with ongoing knee instability due to graft damage,a revision ACLR with a bone-tendon-bone graft was performed.At the last follow-up,full range of knee motion had been achieved and sports activities resumed.CONCLUSION Infection after ACLR is rare and requires an early diagnosis and management in order to treat the infection and prevent arthritis-related joint cartilage destruction and damage to the graft.

A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity

Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and,thus,for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19.In this study,using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein(Spike),we studied the neutralizing antibody(nAb)response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections,including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms,including those that required intensive care.We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels.Indeed,patients from intensive care units exhibited high nAb titers;conversely,patients with milder disease symptoms had heterogeneous nAb titers,and asymptomatic or exclusive outpatient-care patients had no or low nAbs.We found that nAb activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients displayed a relatively rapid decline after recovery compared to individuals infected with other coronaviruses.Moreover,we found an absence of cross-neutralization between endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2,indicating that previous infection by human coronaviruses may not generate protective nAbs against SARS-CoV-2.Finally,we found that the D614G mutation in the spike protein,which has recently been identified as the current major variant in Europe,does not allow neutralization escape.Altogether,our results contribute to our understanding of the immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease,and rapid evaluation of the role of the humoral response in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.