This letter to the editor presents some notes on energetic complementarity and a growing understanding of its role as a planning tool. This letter looks at the fact that an increasing number of works in recent years o...This letter to the editor presents some notes on energetic complementarity and a growing understanding of its role as a planning tool. This letter looks at the fact that an increasing number of works in recent years on this subject has promoted an increase in its level of importance in the design and operation of energy systems. The main change is the consideration of complementarity no longer as a consequence but as a design parameter. The continental dimension of Brazil, for example, should make it obvious that complementarities should be sought among the various energy resources available.展开更多
Seasonal variability coupled with the intermittency of renewable energy sources makes reservoir hydroelectric plants an interesting option to consider in hybrid energy systems, especially in cases of dams that have no...Seasonal variability coupled with the intermittency of renewable energy sources makes reservoir hydroelectric plants an interesting option to consider in hybrid energy systems, especially in cases of dams that have not been completed or have been abandoned and which still have some potential for reuse. The Laranjeiras dam was completed in the 1960s and the original project for hydroelectric power generation was not completed, made impossible by economic changes during the construction years. A recent study proposed the implementation of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system with lower horsepower to allow the dam to be made useful again. This paper presents the results of the computational simulations with the software Homer, considering the operation of the hydroelectric component (of the proposed hybrid system) with reservoir, playing the role of energy storage device when the production exceeds the demand at a given moment, reducing the loss of energy due to unavailability of demand. The study suggested to implement a hydroelectric power plant with power house at the base of the dam that has a height of 20 m, operating at a minimum flow of 9171 L/s, with reservoir operating as a device for energy storage, operating with a photovoltaic system of 360 kW, and a power limit for the purchase of energy from the grid equal to 200 kW, providing consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day, with cost of energy equal to US$0.021 per kWh and a capital cost of US$3285.617.展开更多
The notion of energetic complementarity can be a tool for energy resource managers to prioritize energy generation projects based on renewable resources in both interconnected and independent systems. As a tool in dec...The notion of energetic complementarity can be a tool for energy resource managers to prioritize energy generation projects based on renewable resources in both interconnected and independent systems. As a tool in decision-making, it is important to know better the influence of energetic complementarity on the performance of hybrid systems especially with regard to energy shortages but also in relation to other parameters. In recent years, hydro PV hybrid systems have become a growing target of researchers and designers for the idea of installing photovoltaic modules on the water surface of reservoirs. Energetic complementarity has three components: time-complementarity, energy-amplitude and amplitude-complementarity. This paper is dedicated to the study of the influence of time-complementarity on the storage of energy through batteries in hydro PV hybrid systems. The method applied is in the literature and suggests the simulation of the system under study with the idealization of energy availabilities, to remove the effects of climatic variations and the characteristic intermittency of renewable resources. Simulations were performed with the well-known software Homer. The results provided the variations of the states of charge of the batteries as a function of different time-complementarities, indicating as expected better performances associated to higher time-complementarities. The results indicated that the cost of energy for a hybrid system with 28 batteries was equal to US$ 0.502 per kWh and that this cost increased as the time complementarity between energy resources moved away from the situation corresponding to full complementarity. The simulations also showed that the maintenance of the zero failure condition supplying the demands of the consumer loads requires that the load be reduced to 52% if the complementarity is reduced from the full complementarity to zero complementarity, with the cost of energy going from US$ 0.502 per kWh to US$ 0.796 per kWh. The results also allow a better understanding of the influence of time complementarity on the performance of hybrid systems.展开更多
The search for alternatives to traditional sources of electric energy opens the way for a new market in the world, and for Brazil in particular. Still in its first steps, but with immense potential, the generation of ...The search for alternatives to traditional sources of electric energy opens the way for a new market in the world, and for Brazil in particular. Still in its first steps, but with immense potential, the generation of energy from solar irradiation and hydroelectric plants in hybrid systems is an important alternative. On the other hand, single source power systems, when designed to meet a particular demand without fail, lead to low market acceptance due to the availability of resources and low efficiency in performance that rewards high initial investment costs. One solution to balance and optimize energy supply is the use of more than one energy resource when sources can be complementary. Among several possible combinations reported in several studies, the hybrid photovoltaic hydroelectric system is considered to be an optimal and interesting combination. In this context, the present article makes a technical and economic pre-feasibility analysis of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system, operating photovoltaic panels on floating structures on the water surface to allow the use of the Laranjeiras dam. The study was conducted based on simulations with HOMER. The solution indicated as optimal was the installation of a hybrid energy system, implementing a hydroelectric power plant at the base of the dam, with 1497 kW of installed capacity, operating simultaneously with a set of photovoltaic modules, on the water surface of the dam, with 180 kW of installed capacity, and a power limit for the purchase and sale to the grid equal to 400 kW, to supply the demand of consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day. This combination would result in an initial cost of US$3984.885 per kW and an energy cost of US$0.026 per kWh.展开更多
文摘This letter to the editor presents some notes on energetic complementarity and a growing understanding of its role as a planning tool. This letter looks at the fact that an increasing number of works in recent years on this subject has promoted an increase in its level of importance in the design and operation of energy systems. The main change is the consideration of complementarity no longer as a consequence but as a design parameter. The continental dimension of Brazil, for example, should make it obvious that complementarities should be sought among the various energy resources available.
文摘Seasonal variability coupled with the intermittency of renewable energy sources makes reservoir hydroelectric plants an interesting option to consider in hybrid energy systems, especially in cases of dams that have not been completed or have been abandoned and which still have some potential for reuse. The Laranjeiras dam was completed in the 1960s and the original project for hydroelectric power generation was not completed, made impossible by economic changes during the construction years. A recent study proposed the implementation of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system with lower horsepower to allow the dam to be made useful again. This paper presents the results of the computational simulations with the software Homer, considering the operation of the hydroelectric component (of the proposed hybrid system) with reservoir, playing the role of energy storage device when the production exceeds the demand at a given moment, reducing the loss of energy due to unavailability of demand. The study suggested to implement a hydroelectric power plant with power house at the base of the dam that has a height of 20 m, operating at a minimum flow of 9171 L/s, with reservoir operating as a device for energy storage, operating with a photovoltaic system of 360 kW, and a power limit for the purchase of energy from the grid equal to 200 kW, providing consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day, with cost of energy equal to US$0.021 per kWh and a capital cost of US$3285.617.
文摘The notion of energetic complementarity can be a tool for energy resource managers to prioritize energy generation projects based on renewable resources in both interconnected and independent systems. As a tool in decision-making, it is important to know better the influence of energetic complementarity on the performance of hybrid systems especially with regard to energy shortages but also in relation to other parameters. In recent years, hydro PV hybrid systems have become a growing target of researchers and designers for the idea of installing photovoltaic modules on the water surface of reservoirs. Energetic complementarity has three components: time-complementarity, energy-amplitude and amplitude-complementarity. This paper is dedicated to the study of the influence of time-complementarity on the storage of energy through batteries in hydro PV hybrid systems. The method applied is in the literature and suggests the simulation of the system under study with the idealization of energy availabilities, to remove the effects of climatic variations and the characteristic intermittency of renewable resources. Simulations were performed with the well-known software Homer. The results provided the variations of the states of charge of the batteries as a function of different time-complementarities, indicating as expected better performances associated to higher time-complementarities. The results indicated that the cost of energy for a hybrid system with 28 batteries was equal to US$ 0.502 per kWh and that this cost increased as the time complementarity between energy resources moved away from the situation corresponding to full complementarity. The simulations also showed that the maintenance of the zero failure condition supplying the demands of the consumer loads requires that the load be reduced to 52% if the complementarity is reduced from the full complementarity to zero complementarity, with the cost of energy going from US$ 0.502 per kWh to US$ 0.796 per kWh. The results also allow a better understanding of the influence of time complementarity on the performance of hybrid systems.
文摘The search for alternatives to traditional sources of electric energy opens the way for a new market in the world, and for Brazil in particular. Still in its first steps, but with immense potential, the generation of energy from solar irradiation and hydroelectric plants in hybrid systems is an important alternative. On the other hand, single source power systems, when designed to meet a particular demand without fail, lead to low market acceptance due to the availability of resources and low efficiency in performance that rewards high initial investment costs. One solution to balance and optimize energy supply is the use of more than one energy resource when sources can be complementary. Among several possible combinations reported in several studies, the hybrid photovoltaic hydroelectric system is considered to be an optimal and interesting combination. In this context, the present article makes a technical and economic pre-feasibility analysis of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system, operating photovoltaic panels on floating structures on the water surface to allow the use of the Laranjeiras dam. The study was conducted based on simulations with HOMER. The solution indicated as optimal was the installation of a hybrid energy system, implementing a hydroelectric power plant at the base of the dam, with 1497 kW of installed capacity, operating simultaneously with a set of photovoltaic modules, on the water surface of the dam, with 180 kW of installed capacity, and a power limit for the purchase and sale to the grid equal to 400 kW, to supply the demand of consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day. This combination would result in an initial cost of US$3984.885 per kW and an energy cost of US$0.026 per kWh.
