Durability and microstructure analysis of the road base material prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash

The present study aimed to investigate the durability and microstructure evolution of road base materials(RBM)prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash.The durability testing showed that the strength of RBM with the blast furnace slag addition of 1wt%,3wt%and 5wt%reached 3.81,4.87,and 5.84 MPa after 5 freezing–thawing(F–T)cycles and reached 5.21,5.75,and 6.98 MPa after 20 weting–drying(W–D)cycles,respectively.The results also indicated that hydration products were continuously formed even during W–D and F–T exposures,resulting in an increase of the strength and durability of RBM.The observed increase of macropores(>1μm)after F–T and W–D exposures suggested that the mechanism of RBM deterioration is pore enlargement due to cracks that develop inside their matrix.Moreover,the F–T exposure showed a greater negative effect on the durability of RBM compared to the W–D exposure.The leaching tests showed that sodium and heavy metals were solidified below the minimum requirement,which indicates that these wastes are suitable for use as a natural material replacement in road base construction.

Investigation of the medium calcium based non-burnt brick made by red mud and fly ash: durability and hydration characteristics

Red mud is a type of highly alkaline waste residue produced in the process of alumina smelting by the Bayer process.Based on the idea of medium calcium content,solid wastes such as red mud and fly ash were used to prepare non-burnt bricks;and the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was selected in the range of 0.88–1.42.Mechanical properties and durability were investigated with a compressive strength test.X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)techniques were used to characterize the hydration characteristic.The environmental performance was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP).The results indicated that the mechanical properties and the durability were optimal when the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was 1.23.The hydration products were mostly C–S–H gel,ettringite,Na4Ca(Si10All6)O32·12H2O and Ca3Al2(SiO4)(OH)8.They were responsible for the strength development,and the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.23 had the best polymerized structure.The results of an environmental performance test showed that the heavy metals in the raw materials were well-solidified in the brick.Therefore,this paper provides an effective solution for use of solid wastes in building material.

赤泥—煤矸石基公路路面基层材料的耐久与环境性能

以拜耳法赤泥、煤矸石和粉煤灰等工业固废为基本原料在实验室制备了一种公路路面基层材料,并研究了其力学性能、耐久性能和环境性能.通过开展干湿循环以及冻融循环试验研究了该公路路面基层材料的耐久性能,并利用ICP浸出试验和放射性检测研究其环境性能.结果表明,赤泥-煤矸石基路面基层材料赤泥和煤矸石掺量之和75%、固废总掺量97%时,7 d养护后无侧限抗压强度达到6 MPa以上;经过20个干湿循环后,矿渣掺量为5%的路面基层试块强度为5.98 MPa,满足国家标准;经过5个冻融循环后,路面基层材料的7 d抗压强度仍然达到6.89 MPa,具有良好的耐久性能.浸出试验结果显示,浸出液中Na＋浓度均符合国家饮用水标准,同时浸出液中Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、Ni等重金属均未检测出;放射性试验结果表明,试验所用纯赤泥的放射性符合相应的国家标准.通过对该路面基层材料进行固碱分析以及能谱分析发现,硅铝体系能有效固结钠离子.此公路路面基层材料具有良好的环境效益和社会效益,拓宽了路面基层材料的选材范围.