African eggplant(Solanum anguivi Lam.)fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca^(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit(SAG)and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψ_m)isolated from rat liver.Methods:Antioxidant activity of SAG was assayed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),reducing power,iron chelation and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in both liver and brain homogenate of rats.Also,the effect of SAG on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial swelling were determined.Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenolics was done by HPLC-DAD.Results:SAG exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical-scavenging activity(IC_(50)/DPPH=275.03±7.8μg/mL).Reductive and iron chelation abilities also increase with increase in SAG concentration.SAG also inhibited peroxidation of cerebral and hepatic lipids subjected to iron oxidative assault.SAG protected against Ca^(2+)(110μmol/L)-induced mitochondrial swelling and maintained the△Ψ_m.HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid[(17.54±0.04)mg/g],chlorogenic acid(21.90±0.02 mg/g),caffeic acid(16.64±0.01 mg/g).rutin[(14.71±0.03)mg/g]and quercetin[(7.39±0.05)mg/g].Conclusions:These effects could be attributed to the bioactive polyphenolic compounds present in the extract.Our results suggest that SAG extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may be used not only in pharmaceutical and food industry but also in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Antiulcerogenic activity of Scutia buxifolia on gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats

Gastric ulcers affect many people around the world and their development is a result of the imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa.Scutia buxifolia,commonly known as coronilha,has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its pharmacological properties and its potential therapeutic applications.In this study,the preventive effects of the crude extract of Scutia buxifolia(ceSb)against gastric ulcer induced by 70%ethanol were evaluated in male Wistar rats.In addition,the composition of ceSb was clarified by high-performance liquid chromato-graphy(HPLC).S.buxifolia extract(100,200 and 400 mg/kg body weight)attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by ethanol.Moreover,all evaluated doses of ceSb caused significant(P<0.001 and P<0.0001)and dose-dependent increase in sulfhydryl groups(NPSH)levels,catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities.Furthermore,the administration of ceSb reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation produced by ethanol.The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant compounds present in the ceSb,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids,which were quantified by HPLC.Thus,an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue.These results indicate that S.buxifolia could have a beneficial role against ethanol toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.