The Long Term Follow-Up Results of the Direct Nipple Ureteroneocystostomy Technique: A Prospective Study

Objective: To evaluate the long term follow-up results of the direct nipple ureteroneocystostomy technique. Materials and Methods: We studied a total of 16 patients (19 renal units) who underwent direct nipple ureteroneocystostomy. The mean age was 43 years and 3 patients had bilateral disease. In five units the ureters had been ligated during gynecological surgery, 11 renal units were obstructive and three units were reflexive megaureters. The ureters were spatulated for about 2 cm and folded back. Nipples 2 to 2.5 cm long were prepared. In two cases the ureters were thin-walled (2 mm or less) and they were not spatulated but folded back onto themselves. In one case the ureter could not be everted since it had a thick and fibrotic wall. The distal 2 to 2.5 cm segment of this ureter was directly inserted in to the bladder. Postoperative follow-up was at 3 month intervals for the first year at 6 month intervals for 2 - 3 years and yearly thereafter. At the time of follow-up serum creatinine, urine culture, ultrasound, intravenous urography, voiding cystoureterography, nuclear renal scintigraphy and cystometric evaluations were performed. The functions of 11 and 15 renal units were evaluated scintigraphically and stereologically, respectively, in the both preoperative and postoperative first year follow-up. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for statistical evaluation and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean follow-up was 49 months. Three renal units had Grade III reflux (two of them during voiding) and one unit had Grade IV reflux. At follow-up this patient developed in the ureteral stricture. No patients had urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis or ureteral stricture follow-up period. Between the preoperative and postoperative first year, there was an increase in postoperative split renal function based on renal scintigraphy but this difference was not statistically significant. The stereologically calculated decrease in pelvicaliceal dilatation was statistically significant. Conclusion: Ease of application and no need to taper or plicate the ureter or prepare a submucosal tunnel may be the reasons to consider the direct nipple ureteroneocystostomy technique for megaureters of different etiologies.

Parental Consanguinity in Infertile Males

This study was investigated whether parental consanguinity in males has an effect on or relationship with some infertile subgroups and some semen and hormone parameters. The charts of 2651 infertile males were evaluated retrospectively for parental consanguinity ratios, sperm counts, motility parameters and hormonal values from the records of 2651 infertile males. In 1260 eligible males the first cousin parental consanguinity ratio was 22.6%. In 119 males with nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) and 430 males with normal sperm counts, the ratios were 34.5% and 20.9%, respectively (p = 0.002). In the NOA group the parental consanguinity ratios were 27.1% (23/85) and 52.9% (18/34) in males with FSH values of >7.6 and 7.6 mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.007). In males with normal sperm counts if the parents were first cousins, both sperm counts and motility parameters were significantly reduced when compared with the others. To our knowledge, this is the first study of consanguinity ratios among some infertile subgroups. In males with parental consanguinity lower sperm counts and motility ratios in normozoospermic males and lower FSH levels in the NOA group might show a relation with some genetically transmitted defects.