Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification;therefore,wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research.An external power source is an important component...Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification;therefore,wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research.An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors,however,the current power supplies,i.e.,batteries,limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios.Herein,we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detec-tion of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat.Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient(R2)of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection,and R2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection.The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat,but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30%stretching.The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise.Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis.展开更多
Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Tradition...Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Traditional thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body cavities.Evaluations at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the patient.Also,surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and costs.Methods.Here,we report a wireless,bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities,for continuous optical measurements of regional,deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body processes.Results.The designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra,to enable high accuracy in sensing,as supported by in vitro experiments and optical simulations.Studies with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake,freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo measurements.Conclusion.The results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments,with potential relevance to human healthcare.展开更多
Microsystem technologies for evaluating the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues offer various capabilities relevant to medical research and clinical diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions.Recent progres...Microsystem technologies for evaluating the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues offer various capabilities relevant to medical research and clinical diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions.Recent progress includes(1)the development of tissue-compliant designs that provide minimally invasive interfaces to soft,dynamic biological surfaces and(2)improvements in options for assessments of elastic moduli at spatial scales from cellular resolution to macroscopic areas and across depths from superficial levels to deep geometries.This review summarizes a collection of these technologies,with an emphasis on operational principles,fabrication methods,device designs,integration schemes,and measurement features.The core content begins with a discussion of platforms ranging from penetrating filamentary probes and shape-conformal sheets to stretchable arrays of ultrasonic transducers.Subsequent sections examine different techniques based on planar microelectromechanical system(MEMS)approaches for biocompatible interfaces to targets that span scales from individual cells to organs.One highlighted example includes miniature electromechanical devices that allow depth profiling of soft tissue biomechanics across a wide range of thicknesses.The clinical utility of these technologies is in monitoring changes in tissue properties and in targeting/identifying diseased tissues with distinct variations in modulus.The results suggest future opportunities in engineered systems for biomechanical sensing,spanning a broad scope of applications with relevance to many aspects of health care and biology research.展开更多
基金the City University of Hong Kong,China(Nos.9610423,9667199,and 9667221)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.21210820)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission,China(No.JCYJ20200109110201713)Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,China(No.2020YFH0181)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019TQ0051).
文摘Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification;therefore,wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research.An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors,however,the current power supplies,i.e.,batteries,limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios.Herein,we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detec-tion of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat.Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient(R2)of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection,and R2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection.The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat,but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30%stretching.The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise.Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis.
基金This work utilized Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility(NUFAB)which is partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental(SHyNE)Resource(NSF ECCS-1542205)+3 种基金the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(DMR-1720139)the State of Illinois,and Northwestern University.Y.H.acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation,USA(grant no.CMMI1635443)supported by Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronicssupported by Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA060553 from the National Cancer Institute awarded to the Robert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center.
文摘Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Traditional thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body cavities.Evaluations at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the patient.Also,surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and costs.Methods.Here,we report a wireless,bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities,for continuous optical measurements of regional,deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body processes.Results.The designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra,to enable high accuracy in sensing,as supported by in vitro experiments and optical simulations.Studies with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake,freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo measurements.Conclusion.The results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments,with potential relevance to human healthcare.
基金E.S.acknowledged the support of Lingang Laboratory(Grant no.LG-QS-202202-02)the support of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2018SHZDZX01)ZJ Lab,and Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology.
文摘Microsystem technologies for evaluating the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues offer various capabilities relevant to medical research and clinical diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions.Recent progress includes(1)the development of tissue-compliant designs that provide minimally invasive interfaces to soft,dynamic biological surfaces and(2)improvements in options for assessments of elastic moduli at spatial scales from cellular resolution to macroscopic areas and across depths from superficial levels to deep geometries.This review summarizes a collection of these technologies,with an emphasis on operational principles,fabrication methods,device designs,integration schemes,and measurement features.The core content begins with a discussion of platforms ranging from penetrating filamentary probes and shape-conformal sheets to stretchable arrays of ultrasonic transducers.Subsequent sections examine different techniques based on planar microelectromechanical system(MEMS)approaches for biocompatible interfaces to targets that span scales from individual cells to organs.One highlighted example includes miniature electromechanical devices that allow depth profiling of soft tissue biomechanics across a wide range of thicknesses.The clinical utility of these technologies is in monitoring changes in tissue properties and in targeting/identifying diseased tissues with distinct variations in modulus.The results suggest future opportunities in engineered systems for biomechanical sensing,spanning a broad scope of applications with relevance to many aspects of health care and biology research.
