Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are ...Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are recognised. Although most of the described genetic alterations have been observed in both types, different genetic pathways have been hypothesized. Genetic and epigenetic events, including 1q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability and hypermethylation, have mostly been reported in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions, whereas 17p LOH, mutation or loss of E-cadherin are more often implicated in the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.In this review, we summarize the sometimes contradictory findings regarding those markers which influence the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The treatment strategy employed in CRC patients is becoming highly dependent on molecular char...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The treatment strategy employed in CRC patients is becoming highly dependent on molecular characteristics present at diagnosis and during treatment.Liquid biopsy is an emerging field in the management of this cancer,and its relevance as a potential diagnostic,prognostic,monitoring,and therapeutic tool makes it a viable strategy in the clinical management of CRC patients.Liquid biopsy also has certain limitations,but these limitations seem to be at the reach of near-future technological development.In this letter,we focus on the clinical perspectives of liquid biopsy in CRC with particular regard to the various biomarkers recently identified that have been shown to be potentially useful in multiple aspects of early stage or metastatic CRC.展开更多
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have expanded rapidly over the past years and represent one of the bases of precision medicine.The application of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches and tools for the ...Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have expanded rapidly over the past years and represent one of the bases of precision medicine.The application of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches and tools for the selection of medications and their dosage to improve patient care is nowadays substantially increased[1,2].Prescription drug information sheets in several therapeutic areas(psychiatric,cardiovascular,analgesic,antiviral,and anticancer drugs)provide current information on pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic biomarkers for over 200 medicines including mandatory or recommended biomarker testing prior to initiating therapy[3].展开更多
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are recognised. Although most of the described genetic alterations have been observed in both types, different genetic pathways have been hypothesized. Genetic and epigenetic events, including 1q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability and hypermethylation, have mostly been reported in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions, whereas 17p LOH, mutation or loss of E-cadherin are more often implicated in the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.In this review, we summarize the sometimes contradictory findings regarding those markers which influence the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The treatment strategy employed in CRC patients is becoming highly dependent on molecular characteristics present at diagnosis and during treatment.Liquid biopsy is an emerging field in the management of this cancer,and its relevance as a potential diagnostic,prognostic,monitoring,and therapeutic tool makes it a viable strategy in the clinical management of CRC patients.Liquid biopsy also has certain limitations,but these limitations seem to be at the reach of near-future technological development.In this letter,we focus on the clinical perspectives of liquid biopsy in CRC with particular regard to the various biomarkers recently identified that have been shown to be potentially useful in multiple aspects of early stage or metastatic CRC.
文摘Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have expanded rapidly over the past years and represent one of the bases of precision medicine.The application of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches and tools for the selection of medications and their dosage to improve patient care is nowadays substantially increased[1,2].Prescription drug information sheets in several therapeutic areas(psychiatric,cardiovascular,analgesic,antiviral,and anticancer drugs)provide current information on pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic biomarkers for over 200 medicines including mandatory or recommended biomarker testing prior to initiating therapy[3].
