期刊文献+
共找到2篇文章
< 1 >
每页显示 20 50 100
Histopathological evaluation and grading for prostate cancer:current issues and crucial aspects
1
作者 Vittorio Agosti enrico munari 《Asian Journal of Andrology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期575-581,共7页
A crucial aspect of prostate cancer grading, especially in low- and intermediate-risk cancer, is the accurate identification of Gleason pattern 4 glands, which includes ill-formed or fused glands. However, there is no... A crucial aspect of prostate cancer grading, especially in low- and intermediate-risk cancer, is the accurate identification of Gleason pattern 4 glands, which includes ill-formed or fused glands. However, there is notable inconsistency among pathologists in recognizing these glands, especially when mixed with pattern 3 glands. This inconsistency has significant implications for patient management and treatment decisions. Conversely, the recognition of glomeruloid and cribriform architecture has shown higher reproducibility. Cribriform architecture, in particular, has been linked to the worst prognosis among pattern 4 subtypes. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is also associated with high-grade cancer and poor prognosis. Accurate identification, classification, and tumor size evaluation by pathologists are vital for determining patient treatment. This review emphasizes the importance of prostate cancer grading, highlighting challenges like distinguishing between pattern 3 and pattern 4 and the prognostic implications of cribriform architecture and intraductal proliferations. It also addresses the inherent grading limitations due to interobserver variability and explores the potential of computational pathology to enhance pathologist accuracy and consistency. 展开更多
关键词 artificial intelligence cancer CRIBRIFORM GRADING INTRADUCTAL PROSTATE
原文传递
Human NK cells: surface receptors, inhibitory checkpoints, and translational applications 被引量:41
2
作者 Simona Sivori Paola Vacca +3 位作者 Genny Del Zotto enrico munari Maria Cristina Mingari Lorenzo Moretta 《Cellular & Molecular Immunology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第5期430-441,共12页
NK cells play important roles in innate defenses against viruses and in the control of tumor growth and metastasis.The regulation/induction of NK cell function is mediated by an array of activating or inhibitory surfa... NK cells play important roles in innate defenses against viruses and in the control of tumor growth and metastasis.The regulation/induction of NK cell function is mediated by an array of activating or inhibitory surface receptors.In humans,major activating receptors involved in target cell killing are the natural cytotoxicity receptors(NCRs)and NKG2D.Activating receptors recognize ligands that are overexpressed or expressed de novo upon cell stress,viral infection,or tumor transformation.The HLA-class I-specific inhibitory receptors,including KIRs recognizing HLA-class I allotypic determinants and CD94/NKG2A recognizing the class-Ib HLA-E,constitute a fail-safe mechanism to avoid unwanted NK-mediated damage to healthy cells.Other receptors such as PD-1,primarily expressed by activated T lymphocytes,are important inhibitory checkpoints of immune responses that ensure T-cell tolerance.PD-1 also may be expressed by NK cells in cancer patients.Since PD-1 ligand(PD-L1)may be expressed by different tumors,PD-1/PD-L1 interactions inactivate both T and NK cells.Thus,the reliable evaluation of PD-L1 expression in tumors has become a major issue to select patients who may benefit from therapy with mAbs disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions.Recently,NKG2A was revealed to be an important checkpoint controlling both NK and T-cell activation.Since most tumors express HLA-E,mAbs targeting NKG2A has been used alone or in combination with other therapeutic mAbs targeting PD-1 or tumor antigens(e.g.,EGFR),with encouraging results.The translational value of NK cells and their receptors is evidenced by the extraordinary therapeutic success of haploidentical HSCT to cure otherwise fatal high-risk leukemias. 展开更多
关键词 Human NK cells NK receptors Inhibitory checkpoints IMMUNOTHERAPY
原文传递
上一页 1 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部