Nanotechnology allows the realization of new materials and devices with basic structural unit in the range of1–100 nm and characterized by gaining control at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular level. Reducing ...Nanotechnology allows the realization of new materials and devices with basic structural unit in the range of1–100 nm and characterized by gaining control at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular level. Reducing the dimensions of a material into the nanoscale range usually results in the change of its physiochemical properties such as reactivity,crystallinity, and solubility. This review treats the convergence of last research news at the interface of nanostructured biomaterials and tissue engineering for emerging biomedical technologies such as scaffolding and tissue regeneration. The present review is organized into three main sections. The introduction concerns an overview of the increasing utility of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering. It elucidates how nanotechnology, by working in the submicron length scale, assures the realization of a biocompatible interface that is able to reproduce the physiological cell–matrix interaction. The second, more technical section, concerns the design and fabrication of biocompatible surface characterized by micro- and submicroscale features, using microfabrication, nanolithography, and miscellaneous nanolithographic techniques.In the last part, we review the ongoing tissue engineering application of nanostructured materials and scaffolds in different fields such as neurology, cardiology, orthopedics, and skin tissue regeneration.展开更多
Lipid Droplets(LDs)are emerging as crucial players in colon cancer development and maintenance.Their expression has been associated with high tumorigenicity in Cancer Stem Cells(CSCs),so that they have been proposed a...Lipid Droplets(LDs)are emerging as crucial players in colon cancer development and maintenance.Their expression has been associated with high tumorigenicity in Cancer Stem Cells(CSCs),so that they have been proposed as a new functional marker in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells(CR-CSCs).They are also indirectly involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through the production of pro-inflammatory molecules.There is growing evidence that a possible connection between metabolic alterations and malignant transformation exists,although the effects of nutrients,primarily glucose,on the CSC behavior are still mostly unexplored.Glucose is an essential fuel for cancer cells,and the connections with LDs in the healthy and CSC populations merit to be more deeply investigated.Here,we showed that a high glucose concentration activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and increased the expression of CD133 and CD44v6 CSC markers.Additionally,glucose was responsible for the increased amount of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)and LDs in both healthy and CR-CSC samples.We also investigated the gene modulations following the HG treatment and found out that the healthy cell gene profile was the most affected.Lastly,Atorvastatin,a lipidlowering drug,induced the highest mortality on CR-CSCs without affecting the healthy counterpart.展开更多
文摘Nanotechnology allows the realization of new materials and devices with basic structural unit in the range of1–100 nm and characterized by gaining control at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular level. Reducing the dimensions of a material into the nanoscale range usually results in the change of its physiochemical properties such as reactivity,crystallinity, and solubility. This review treats the convergence of last research news at the interface of nanostructured biomaterials and tissue engineering for emerging biomedical technologies such as scaffolding and tissue regeneration. The present review is organized into three main sections. The introduction concerns an overview of the increasing utility of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering. It elucidates how nanotechnology, by working in the submicron length scale, assures the realization of a biocompatible interface that is able to reproduce the physiological cell–matrix interaction. The second, more technical section, concerns the design and fabrication of biocompatible surface characterized by micro- and submicroscale features, using microfabrication, nanolithography, and miscellaneous nanolithographic techniques.In the last part, we review the ongoing tissue engineering application of nanostructured materials and scaffolds in different fields such as neurology, cardiology, orthopedics, and skin tissue regeneration.
基金This study was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research(AIRC)and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research And Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 800924This work was also supported by AIRC(5x1000 Clinical Oncology Extension Program 9979 and IG 16746).The authors acknowledge financial support from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology for OCRF-2014-CRG and OCRF-2016-CRG grants and from Piedmont Region through European Funds for Regional Development(“Food Digital Monitoring”project)This work is dedicated to the memory of our beloved Prof.Giovanni Morrone。
文摘Lipid Droplets(LDs)are emerging as crucial players in colon cancer development and maintenance.Their expression has been associated with high tumorigenicity in Cancer Stem Cells(CSCs),so that they have been proposed as a new functional marker in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells(CR-CSCs).They are also indirectly involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through the production of pro-inflammatory molecules.There is growing evidence that a possible connection between metabolic alterations and malignant transformation exists,although the effects of nutrients,primarily glucose,on the CSC behavior are still mostly unexplored.Glucose is an essential fuel for cancer cells,and the connections with LDs in the healthy and CSC populations merit to be more deeply investigated.Here,we showed that a high glucose concentration activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and increased the expression of CD133 and CD44v6 CSC markers.Additionally,glucose was responsible for the increased amount of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)and LDs in both healthy and CR-CSC samples.We also investigated the gene modulations following the HG treatment and found out that the healthy cell gene profile was the most affected.Lastly,Atorvastatin,a lipidlowering drug,induced the highest mortality on CR-CSCs without affecting the healthy counterpart.