Salt acclimation, which is induced by previous salt exposure, increases the resistance of plants to future exposure to salt stress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism, particularly how plants stor...Salt acclimation, which is induced by previous salt exposure, increases the resistance of plants to future exposure to salt stress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism, particularly how plants store the"memory" of salt exposure. In this study, we established a system to study salt acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Following treatment with a low concentration of salt, seedlings were allowed to recover to allow transitory salt responses to subside while maintaining the sustainable effects of salt acclimation. We performed transcriptome profiling analysis of these seedlings to identify genes related to salt acclimation memory. Notably, the expres-sion of Basic-leucine zipper 17 (bZIP17) and Hmg-CoA reductase degradation 3A (HRD3A), which are important in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), respectively, increased following treatment with a low concentration of salt and remained at stably high levels after the stimulus was removed, a treatment which improved plant tolerance to future high-salinity challenge. Our findings suggest that the upregulated expression of important genes involved in the UPR and ERAD represents a "memory" of the history of salt exposure and enables more potent responses to future exposure to salt stress, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying salt acclimation in plants.展开更多
Microtubule dynamics and organization are important for plant cell morphogenesis and development.The microtubule-based motor protein kinesins are mainly responsible for the transport of some organelles and vesicles,al...Microtubule dynamics and organization are important for plant cell morphogenesis and development.The microtubule-based motor protein kinesins are mainly responsible for the transport of some organelles and vesicles,although several have also been shown to regulate microtubule organization.The ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN(ARK)family is a plant-specific motor protein subfamily that consists of three members(ARK1,ARK2,and ARK3)in Arabidopsis thaliana.ARK2 has been shown to participate in root epidermal cell morphogenesis.However,whether and how ARK2 associates with microtubules needs further elucidation.Here,we demonstrated that ARK2 co-localizes with microtubules and facilitates microtubule bundling in vitro and in vivo.Pharmacological assays and microtubule dynamics analyses indicated that ARK2 stabilizes cortical microtubules.Live-cell imaging revealed that ARK2moves along cortical microtubules in a processive mode and localizes both at the plus-end and the sidewall of microtubules.ARK2 therefore tracks and stabilizes the growing plus-ends of microtubules,which facilitates the formation of parallel microtubule bundles.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771489 and 31571384)
文摘Salt acclimation, which is induced by previous salt exposure, increases the resistance of plants to future exposure to salt stress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism, particularly how plants store the"memory" of salt exposure. In this study, we established a system to study salt acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Following treatment with a low concentration of salt, seedlings were allowed to recover to allow transitory salt responses to subside while maintaining the sustainable effects of salt acclimation. We performed transcriptome profiling analysis of these seedlings to identify genes related to salt acclimation memory. Notably, the expres-sion of Basic-leucine zipper 17 (bZIP17) and Hmg-CoA reductase degradation 3A (HRD3A), which are important in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), respectively, increased following treatment with a low concentration of salt and remained at stably high levels after the stimulus was removed, a treatment which improved plant tolerance to future high-salinity challenge. Our findings suggest that the upregulated expression of important genes involved in the UPR and ERAD represents a "memory" of the history of salt exposure and enables more potent responses to future exposure to salt stress, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying salt acclimation in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32061143018,91735305 and 91854119 to Y.F.32070311 and 31571384 to L.Z.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0108200 to Y.F.and L.Z)。
文摘Microtubule dynamics and organization are important for plant cell morphogenesis and development.The microtubule-based motor protein kinesins are mainly responsible for the transport of some organelles and vesicles,although several have also been shown to regulate microtubule organization.The ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN(ARK)family is a plant-specific motor protein subfamily that consists of three members(ARK1,ARK2,and ARK3)in Arabidopsis thaliana.ARK2 has been shown to participate in root epidermal cell morphogenesis.However,whether and how ARK2 associates with microtubules needs further elucidation.Here,we demonstrated that ARK2 co-localizes with microtubules and facilitates microtubule bundling in vitro and in vivo.Pharmacological assays and microtubule dynamics analyses indicated that ARK2 stabilizes cortical microtubules.Live-cell imaging revealed that ARK2moves along cortical microtubules in a processive mode and localizes both at the plus-end and the sidewall of microtubules.ARK2 therefore tracks and stabilizes the growing plus-ends of microtubules,which facilitates the formation of parallel microtubule bundles.
