This report presented a method that uses deep computing and stochastic gradient descent algorithm to automatically detect building from satellite images. In this method, a convolutional neural network architecture cal...This report presented a method that uses deep computing and stochastic gradient descent algorithm to automatically detect building from satellite images. In this method, a convolutional neural network architecture called U-Net was trained to highlight the building pixels from the rest of the image. This method applied a binary cross-entropy loss function, used ADAM algorithm for gradient descent optimization, and adopted interaction-over-union for accuracy measurement. Continuous loss decreases and accuracy increases were observed during the training and validation. Finally, the visualization of the predicted masks from the trained model after 20 epochs proved that the U-Net model delivers over 60% Intersection over Union accuracy results for detecting buildings from satellite images.展开更多
WormGUIDES is an open-source dynamic embryonic system designed to facilitate global understanding of cellular decisions in the developing nervous system of the nematode C. elegans. WormGUIDES was designed to allow inv...WormGUIDES is an open-source dynamic embryonic system designed to facilitate global understanding of cellular decisions in the developing nervous system of the nematode C. elegans. WormGUIDES was designed to allow investigation and exploration of the observational results of the C. elegans life cycle from laboratory experiments. In the process of a mechanistic C. elegans model development, some functionalities of WormGUIDES needed to be enhanced to support model validation and verification. In this study, a new way to visualize 3-dimentional vectors within WormGUIDES was investigated and presented. Then, the practical values of this method were demonstrated by visualizing two biologically significant directions (i.e., division orientation and cell polarity) of individual embryonic cells in C. elegans. Lastly, a mathematic approach was designed to illustrate the differences between these two sets of vectors and provide easy indications of the location of these individual cells that have large data discrepancies within the C. elegans embryonic system.展开更多
Adecade ago, calligrapher Jin Yunchang was highly distinguished in Beijing’s artist community for quitting the job as associate professor in a well-known university in west Beijing. He moved to the calligraphy and pa...Adecade ago, calligrapher Jin Yunchang was highly distinguished in Beijing’s artist community for quitting the job as associate professor in a well-known university in west Beijing. He moved to the calligraphy and painting department of the Palace Museum, working as basically, an archivist.展开更多
Artist and photographer Li Xiaoke grew up looking to his father as a role model. But growing up in the shadow of the great modern master of traditional Chinese landscape ink and water painting, brought its own particu...Artist and photographer Li Xiaoke grew up looking to his father as a role model. But growing up in the shadow of the great modern master of traditional Chinese landscape ink and water painting, brought its own particular burden. Now in his sixties, the son has established his own place in the Chinese world of fine arts and photography, and created his own artistic vision.展开更多
The effect of age-related bone loss on the structural capacity of the proximal femur were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Four bone loss patterns were considered. These were "uniform cortical bone ...The effect of age-related bone loss on the structural capacity of the proximal femur were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Four bone loss patterns were considered. These were "uniform cortical bone loss", "neck cortical bone loss", "intertrochanteric cortical bone loss" and "uniform trabecular bone loss". The results show that the two "non-uniform cortical bone loss" patterns are more dangerous than the "uniform cortical bone loss" pattern, and that the cortical bone loss in intertrochanteric region is associated with a greater reduction in cortical failure load than the cortical bone loss in the femoral neck. The trabecular bone loss causes a limited decrease in both cortical failure and trabecular failure loads. This research should be helpful to the clinical assessment of femur fracture risk due to age-related bone loss.展开更多
Bone tissue regeneration holds the potential to solve both osteoporosis and large skeletal defects,two problems associated with significant morbidity.The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic l...Bone tissue regeneration holds the potential to solve both osteoporosis and large skeletal defects,two problems associated with significant morbidity.The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic lineage requires a specific microenvironment and certain osteogenic growth factors.Neural EGF Like-Like molecule 1(NELL-1)is a secreted glycoprotein that has proven,both in vitro and in vivo,to be a potent osteo-inductive factor.Furthermore,it has been shown to repress adipogenic differentiation and inflammation.NELL-1 can work synergistically with other osteogenic factors such as Bone Morphogenic Protein(BMP)2 and9,and has shown promise for use in tissue engineering and as a systemically administered drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.Here we provide a comprehensive up-to-date review on the molecular signaling cascade of NELL-1 in mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in bone regenerative engineering.展开更多
文摘This report presented a method that uses deep computing and stochastic gradient descent algorithm to automatically detect building from satellite images. In this method, a convolutional neural network architecture called U-Net was trained to highlight the building pixels from the rest of the image. This method applied a binary cross-entropy loss function, used ADAM algorithm for gradient descent optimization, and adopted interaction-over-union for accuracy measurement. Continuous loss decreases and accuracy increases were observed during the training and validation. Finally, the visualization of the predicted masks from the trained model after 20 epochs proved that the U-Net model delivers over 60% Intersection over Union accuracy results for detecting buildings from satellite images.
文摘WormGUIDES is an open-source dynamic embryonic system designed to facilitate global understanding of cellular decisions in the developing nervous system of the nematode C. elegans. WormGUIDES was designed to allow investigation and exploration of the observational results of the C. elegans life cycle from laboratory experiments. In the process of a mechanistic C. elegans model development, some functionalities of WormGUIDES needed to be enhanced to support model validation and verification. In this study, a new way to visualize 3-dimentional vectors within WormGUIDES was investigated and presented. Then, the practical values of this method were demonstrated by visualizing two biologically significant directions (i.e., division orientation and cell polarity) of individual embryonic cells in C. elegans. Lastly, a mathematic approach was designed to illustrate the differences between these two sets of vectors and provide easy indications of the location of these individual cells that have large data discrepancies within the C. elegans embryonic system.
文摘Adecade ago, calligrapher Jin Yunchang was highly distinguished in Beijing’s artist community for quitting the job as associate professor in a well-known university in west Beijing. He moved to the calligraphy and painting department of the Palace Museum, working as basically, an archivist.
文摘Artist and photographer Li Xiaoke grew up looking to his father as a role model. But growing up in the shadow of the great modern master of traditional Chinese landscape ink and water painting, brought its own particular burden. Now in his sixties, the son has established his own place in the Chinese world of fine arts and photography, and created his own artistic vision.
文摘The effect of age-related bone loss on the structural capacity of the proximal femur were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Four bone loss patterns were considered. These were "uniform cortical bone loss", "neck cortical bone loss", "intertrochanteric cortical bone loss" and "uniform trabecular bone loss". The results show that the two "non-uniform cortical bone loss" patterns are more dangerous than the "uniform cortical bone loss" pattern, and that the cortical bone loss in intertrochanteric region is associated with a greater reduction in cortical failure load than the cortical bone loss in the femoral neck. The trabecular bone loss causes a limited decrease in both cortical failure and trabecular failure loads. This research should be helpful to the clinical assessment of femur fracture risk due to age-related bone loss.
基金Research in the authors’laboratories was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(AT004418,DE020140 to TCH and RRR)the US Department of Defense(OR130096 to JMW)+4 种基金the Scoliosis Research Society(TCH and MJL)the 973 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707906 to TCH)MP and SM were recipients of the Pritzker Summer Research Fellowship funded through the National Institute of Health(NIH)T-35 training grant(NIDDK)#T35DK062719-30The reported work was also supported in part by The University of Chicago Cancer Center Support Grant(P30CA014599)the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number UL1 TR000430。
文摘Bone tissue regeneration holds the potential to solve both osteoporosis and large skeletal defects,two problems associated with significant morbidity.The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic lineage requires a specific microenvironment and certain osteogenic growth factors.Neural EGF Like-Like molecule 1(NELL-1)is a secreted glycoprotein that has proven,both in vitro and in vivo,to be a potent osteo-inductive factor.Furthermore,it has been shown to repress adipogenic differentiation and inflammation.NELL-1 can work synergistically with other osteogenic factors such as Bone Morphogenic Protein(BMP)2 and9,and has shown promise for use in tissue engineering and as a systemically administered drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.Here we provide a comprehensive up-to-date review on the molecular signaling cascade of NELL-1 in mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in bone regenerative engineering.
