Fine root morphology and soil properties under influence of different tree stands along an altitudinal climosequence in the Carpathian mountains

In an era of climate change, understanding the factors that impact root systems can improve our understanding of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. The study objective was to determine the impact of climatic conditions on the biomass and morphology of roots of different tree species along an elevation gradient, and consequently on properties of montane forest soils. The study plots were established at three different elevations(600, 800 and1000 m a.s.l.) along a slope with an inclination of 15°. The research plots were located in a beech stand(Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir stand(Abies alba Mill.). Soil samples were collected from each study plot, for which basic physical and chemical properties were determined. Additionally, we determined the morphology, production and decomposition rate of fine roots. Our analyses confirmed the significance of climatic conditions in the formation of soil properties, in particular the amount of accumulated carbon and nitrogen content. A decrease of root biomass and reduced root growth were recorded with increasing elevation. The characteristics of roots were linked with the properties of the studied mountain soils, in particular p H, alkaline cation content and content of selected micronutrients. Limitation of root growth in higher elevations affected both study species. Additional research into the formation of tree root morphology is needed, especially in mountainous regions where changes may occur more dynamically. This will provide a better understanding of how stands can cope with different types of environmental stress.