面向海流反演的多普勒散射计天线转速优化方法

本文针对多普勒散射计天线转速过快或者过慢导致海流反演精度较低甚至无法进行海流反演的问题,提出了一种面向海流反演的天线转速优化方法。该方法以研究区域内被天线波束覆盖3次或者4次的目标海面数量为目标函数,以顺轨与交轨方向的波束足印连续性、空间分辨率要求作为约束条件,结合天线转速与天线扫描损耗的关系,建立了非线性约束下的多普勒散射计天线转速优化模型,利用优化得到的天线转速计算得到每个目标海面的观测方位向组合。利用海洋表面流实时分析数据,采用基于观测方位向优选的矢量流合成方法进行了海流反演实验。结果表明,在天线转速为20 r·min^(-1)时,不同研究区域内被雷达内、外波束足印覆盖到3次或者4次的目标海面数量占总目标海面数量的80%以上,反演得到的流速、流向标准差小于0.1 m·s^(-1)、20°,满足海洋工程应用对海流观测的精度需求。

基于AR模型的多普勒散射计回波功率谱估计

当采样点数少或流速较小时,采用周期图法估计的多普勒散射计(Doppler scatterometer,DopSCAT)回波功率谱分辨率低,多普勒频移提取精度低。对此,提出了一种基于自回归(autoregressive,AR)模型的DopSCAT回波功率谱估计方法。该方法为DopSCAT回波信号建立含有未知参数的AR模型,采用赤池信息量准则自适应确定模型的最优阶数;对定阶后的AR模型采用Burg算法计算模型参数,利用得到的AR模型估计回波功率谱;对功率谱进行峰值检测提取多普勒频移计算径向流,采用两个观测方位向的径向流合成得到海面流场。利用OSCAR海流数据进行了回波功率谱估计与海流反演实验。分析结果表明,与周期图法相比,该方法能够显著提高回波功率谱分辨率和多普勒频移的提取精度,进而提高了海流的反演精度。

山东半岛周边近岸海域波浪能开发潜力研究

利用近20年的ERA-Interim再分析海浪场数据,对山东半岛周边近岸海域波浪能开发潜力进行评估,重点研究优势区域重点单站和波浪能装置有关的指标。结果表明:山东半岛周边近岸海域波浪能资源开发潜力较高的优势区域位于威海东北部近岸海域、荣成东部和东南部近岸海域。优势区域重点单站波浪能的集中度较好,各季节主波功率密度的方向集中在北向上;对总能量有突出贡献的波高和波周期范围大致相同,为Hs:0~3.5 m,Te:0~8 s。Wave Star是目前最适合于重点单站波浪能开发的装置,但其能量利用率仅约为6.2%,并非最理想的选择,还需研发效率更高的波浪能装置。

Estimating significant wave height from SAR imagery based on an SVM regression model

A new method for estimating significant wave height（SWH） from advanced synthetic aperture radar（ASAR） wave mode data based on a support vector machine（SVM） regression model is presented. The model is established based on a nonlinear relationship between σ0, the variance of the normalized SAR image, SAR image spectrum spectral decomposition parameters and ocean wave SWH. The feature parameters of the SAR images are the input parameters of the SVM regression model, and the SWH provided by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF） is the output parameter. On the basis of ASAR matching data set, a particle swarm optimization（PSO） algorithm is used to optimize the input kernel parameters of the SVM regression model and to establish the SVM model. The SWH estimation results yielded by this model are compared with the ECMWF reanalysis data and the buoy data. The RMSE values of the SWH are 0.34 and 0.48 m, and the correlation coefficient is 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. The results show that the SVM regression model is an effective method for estimating the SWH from the SAR data. The advantage of this model is that SAR data may serve as an independent data source for retrieving the SWH, which can avoid the complicated solution process associated with wave spectra.

Validation of the “HY-2” altimeter wet tropospheric path delay correction based on radiosonde data

Wet tropospheric path delay （PD） is a highly variable term for the altimeter measurement of a sea surface height, caused by the refraction effect of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water. In order to esti- mate PD values, the ＂HY-2＂ system includes a calibration microwave radiometer （CMR） operating at 18.7, 23.8 and 37 GHz. The PD data of the CMR were compared and validated by coincident radiosonde profiles from ten globally distributed radiosonde stations during October 2011 to August 2012. The temporal interval was 1 h. In order to avoid land contamination, different spatial intervals between these two data sets were tested. The empirical fit function of PD uncertainty and spatial interval was found and extrapolated to the ideal situation that the data of CMR and radiosonde were totally coincident. The stability of the brightness temperature of the CMR and its impact on the PD correction was also studied. Consequently, the uncertainty of the PD algorithm of the CMR was estimated to be 2.1 cm.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

The 21st century Maritime Silk Road(MSR) proposed by China strongly promotes the maritime industry. In this paper, we use wind and ocean wave datasets from 1979 to 2014 to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of the wind speed, significant wave height(SWH), mean wave direction(MWD), and mean wave period(MWP) in the MSR. The analysis results indicate that the Luzon Strait and Gulf of Aden have the most obvious seasonal variations and that the central Indian Ocean is relatively stable. We analyzed the distributions of the maximum wind speed and SWH in the MSR over this 36-year period. The results show that the distribution of the monthly average frequency for SWH exceeds 4 m(huge waves) and that of the corresponding wind speed exceeds 13.9 ms^(-1)(high wind speed). The occurrence frequencies of huge waves and high winds in regions east of the Gulf of Aden are as high as 56% and 80%, respectively. We also assessed the wave and wind energies in different seasons. Based on our analyses, we propose a risk factor(RF) for determining navigation safety levels, based on the wind speed and SWH. We determine the spatial and temporal RF distributions for different seasons and analyze the corresponding impact on four major sea routes. Finally, we determine the spatial distribution of tropical cyclones from 2000 to 2015 and analyze the corresponding impact on the four sea routes. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the MSR provides references for ship navigation as well as ocean engineering.

基于SAR多普勒质心频移的海面流场迭代反演算法

为了克服SAR多普勒质心频移法反演海面流场时风场贡献去除困难的难题,本文提出了基于M4S模型的弦截下山法,利用其迭代计算局部区域的海面流场;然后估算整幅SAR图像中风场对多普勒速度的风贡献因子γ;最后去除风场对多普勒速度的贡献。将该算法用于Radarsat-2数据反演海面径向流速,并利用匹配的实测数据验证反演精度。研究结果表明,本文提出的弦截下山法具有良好的收敛性和较高的收敛速度,而且对本文中使用的两景SAR数据,反演的海面径向流速偏差分别为0.04 m/s和0.15 m/s。