煤炭资源税政策对煤炭企业及社会经济影响研究

2014年,国家对煤炭资源税进行了由从量计税到从价计税的改革,因此对于资源税从量计征到从价计征对煤炭企业及宏观经济有何影响等问题需要开展定量研究。文章利用递归动态可计算一般均衡模型,模拟不同税率情景下社会经济受到的影响。结果表明:从宏观经济整体来看,煤炭资源税从价征收会对GDP产生负面影响,而且这种负面影响随着税率增加而以更快速度加强。从各部门的模拟结果来看,无论是产量还是利润,煤炭采选业本身都是损失最大的部门,尤其是高税率情景下对煤炭冲击非常剧烈。因此,煤炭资源税从价计征后不宜一次性设置过高税率,需同时采取配套措施来保护煤炭行业及高耗煤行业的经营。

基于BP神经网络的供热机组低压缸质量流量在线监测方法

汽轮机低压缸质量流量的实时监测对极寒地区大型供热机组具有重要意义,但却存在难以在现场直接测量的问题。提出了一种基于BP神经网络的供热机组低压缸质量流量在线监测方法。以机组负荷、主蒸汽流量、主蒸汽压力和中压缸排汽压力作为输入,以低压缸质量流量为输出,建立BP神经网络计算模型,利用插值方法获取样本数据。最后,基于PI数据平台开发了汽轮机低压缸质量流量的实时监测系统,并在2台600MW供热机组上进行了实际应用测试。结果表明,该系统给出的常运行工况监测值与经验值是相吻合的,对极寒温度下机组低负荷、大流量供热运行时的空冷岛防冻预警具有一定的指导意义。

Cost-benefit comparison of carbon capture,utilization,and storage retrofitted to different thermal power plants in China based on real options approach

A trinomial tree model based on a real options approach was developed to evaluate the investment decisions on carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)retrofitted to the three main types of thermal power plants in China under the same power generation and CO2 emissions levels.The plant types included pulverized coal(PC),integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC),and natural gas combined cycle(NGCC)plants.We take into account a subsidy policy consistent with the 45Q tax credit of the U.S.,as well as uncertainty factors,such as carbon price,technological progress,CO_(2) geological storage paths,oil price,and electricity price.The results showed that the investment benefit of ordinary NGCC power plants is 93.04 million USD.This provides greater economic advantages than the other two plant types as their investment benefit is negative if the captured CO_(2) was used for enhanced water recovery(EWR),even if 45Q subsidies are provided.Compared with NGCC+CCUS power plants,PC+CCUS and IGCC+CCUS power plants have more advantages in terms of economic benefits and emission reduction.The 45Q subsidy policy reduced the critical carbon price,which determines the decision to invest or not,by 30.14 USDt^(-1) for the PC and IGCC power plants and by 15.24 USDt^(-1) for the NGCC power plants.Nevertheless,only when the subsidy reaches at least 71.84 USDt^(-1) and the period limit is canceled can all three types of power plants be motivated to invest in CCUS and used the capture CO_(2) for EWR.Overall,the government should focus on the application of CCUS in coal-fired power plants(in addition to developing gas power generation),especially when CO_(2) is used for enhanced oil recovery(EOR).The government could introduce fiscal policies,such as 45Q or stronger,to stimulate CCUS technology development in China.

极寒地区大型供热机组直接空冷凝汽器挡风防冻装置的优化设计

极寒地区现有空冷岛防冻装置设计仅考虑了冬季防寒保暖的需求,没有兼顾夏季遮挡不利环境风的问题。提出并设计一种可应用于极寒地区大型供热机组空冷岛的挡风防冻装置。介绍该装置的组成和工作原理,通过具有正反转功能的电机实现对封堵面积的自动控制,实现冬季防冻的作用。同时,创新性设计一个由双电机驱动、可三维旋转的连接装置,它既可以可围绕扇口中心进行360度水平旋转,又可以固定边框为轴、向扇口下方旋转90度;从而实现夏季对不利环境风的有效遮挡目的。介绍装置详细安装工艺,设计DCS自动控制逻辑及PI远程监测系统。实际2台超临界600 MW空冷供热机组应用效果显示:该装置在冬夏季都可发挥作用且易于工程实施。