Basal defense is enhanced in a wheat cultivar resistant to Fusarium head blight

Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.

Serological Investigation into the Infected Genotypes of Patients with Japanese Encephalitis in the Coastal Provinces of China

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China.Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5.Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV.Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Rail-Pillar Net:A 3D Detection Network for Railway Foreign Object Based on LiDAR

Aiming at the limitations of the existing railway foreign object detection methods based on two-dimensional(2D)images,such as short detection distance,strong influence of environment and lack of distance information,we propose Rail-PillarNet,a three-dimensional(3D)LIDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)railway foreign object detection method based on the improvement of PointPillars.Firstly,the parallel attention pillar encoder(PAPE)is designed to fully extract the features of the pillars and alleviate the problem of local fine-grained information loss in PointPillars pillars encoder.Secondly,a fine backbone network is designed to improve the feature extraction capability of the network by combining the coding characteristics of LIDAR point cloud feature and residual structure.Finally,the initial weight parameters of the model were optimised by the transfer learning training method to further improve accuracy.The experimental results on the OSDaR23 dataset show that the average accuracy of Rail-PillarNet reaches 58.51%,which is higher than most mainstream models,and the number of parameters is 5.49 M.Compared with PointPillars,the accuracy of each target is improved by 10.94%,3.53%,16.96%and 19.90%,respectively,and the number of parameters only increases by 0.64M,which achieves a balance between the number of parameters and accuracy.

Mechanism of high Li-ion conductivity in poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network based electrolyte revealed by solid-state NMR

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have become increasingly important in advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their improved safety and mechanical properties compared to organic liquid electrolytes.Cross-linked polymers have the potential to further improve the mechanical property without trading off Li-ion conductivity.In this study,focusing on a recently developed cross-linked SPE,i.e.,the one based on poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network(PVCN),we used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques to investigate the fundamental interaction between the chain segments and Li ions,as well as the lithium-ion motion.By utilizing homonuclear/heteronuclear correlation,CP(cross-polarization)kinetics,and spin-lattice relaxation experiments,etc.,we revealed the structural characteristics and their relations to lithium-ion mobilities.It is found that the network formation prevents poly(ethylene oxide)chains from crystallization,which could create sufficient space for segmental tumbling and Li-ion co nductio n.As such,the mechanical property is greatly improved with even higher Li-ion mobilities compared to the poly(vinylene carbonate)or poly(ethylene oxide)based SPE analogues.

Milling degree affects the fermentation properties of rice:perspectives from the composition of nutrients and gut microbiota via in vitro fermentation

Fermentation substrates of rice with different milling degrees(MDs) were prepared and fermented with human feces to compare their fermentation properties and effects on gut microbiota.MD 0s,MD 5s and MD 60s represented brown rice,moderately-milled rice and white rice,respectively.After in vitro fermentation,the MD 5s group showed higher starch utilization,compared with the MD 0s and 60s groups evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and confocal laser scanning microscope.Effects of fermentation substrates of rice with different MDs on gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rDNA sequencing.All the sample groups reduced the pH and produced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids.The MD 5s group exhibited higher α-diversity than the MD 0s and 60s groups.Abundances of Phascolarctobacterium,Blautia and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae were higher in the MD 0s and 5s groups,compared with the MD 60s group.These bacteria were also positively correlated with the SCFAs production via Spearman correlation analysis.In vitro culture assay revealed that fermentation substrates of MD 0s and 5s promoted the growth of two probiotics(Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium adolescentis).Our results showed that moderate milling might be an appropriate way to produce rice products with richer nutrients and better fermentation properties.

Mucosa color and size may indicate malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal neoplastic polyps

BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism reprogramming is suspected to exist in pre-cancerous lesions,including colorectal adenoma.Screening colonoscopy frequently reveals chicken skin mucosa(CSM;white or yellow-white speckled mucosa)surrounding colo-rectal polyps,caused by macrophages engulfing and accumulating the lipids decomposed by colon cells or adjacent tumors.CSM-positive colorectal polyps are associated with various diseases;however,their prognosis varies greatly.Cold snare polypectomy is commonly used to resect lesions up to 10 to 15 mm in diameter without signs of submucosal invasion but is controversial for CSM-positive colorectal polyps.Improved imaging is required to diagnose and treat CSM-positive colorectal polyps.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 177 patients with CSM-positive colorectal polyps diagnosed using endoscopy.All patient-related information was extracted from the Goldisc soft-clinic DICOM system or electronic medical record system.Based on the pathological results,patients were classified as non-neoplastic polyps(five juvenile polyps),neoplastic polyps,non-invasive high-grade neoplasia(NHGN),or submucosal invasive carcinoma(SM stage cancer).We analyzed and compared the clinical features,suspected risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps,and early infiltration of sub-mucosal carcinoma.RESULTS The diameters of NHGN and SM polyps were much smaller than those of neoplastic polyps.Most NHGN polyps had a deeper red mucosal color.On logistic regression analyses,diameter and deeper red mucosal color were independent risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps.Type 1 CSM was more common in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and SM;type 2 CSM was more common in neoplastic polyps.Logistic regression analyses revealed no significant differences in the malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps or early submucosal invasion of CSM-positive colorectal cancer.Changes in the CSM mucosa surrounding neoplastic polyps and submucosal invasion of colorectal cancer disappeared within 12 months.No tumor recurrence was found during either partial or complete endoscopic resection of the CSM.CONCLUSION CSM-positive colorectal polyps>1 cm in diameter or with deeper red mucosa may be related to NHGN.Resection of CSM surrounding colorectal adenomas did not affect tumor recurrence.

Application of Structured Health Education and Combined 5A Nursing Model in Self-control of Vulnerable Chronic Diseases: Take Coronary Heart Disease as an Example

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of the Structured Health Education course and 5A nursing model for self-control of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Using the random sampling method,124 elderly CAD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The control group line routine health education,experimental group take structured health education combined with 5A nursing before and after the intervention using a coronary heart disease assessment questionnaire,coronary heart disease self-control scale evaluation of two groups of intervention,compare two groups before and after intervention blood pressure,blood sugar,body mass index,lipid index level and complications within 8 months after discharge.Results:After the course intervention,the disease cognition and self-behavior of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.1).Conclusion:This course is suitable for elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The 5A model improves the cognitive and management ability of elderly patients to a certain extent,which is worthy of clinical application.

Malignancy risk factors and prognostic variables of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs)represent one of the precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,and their detection has been facilitated by advances in preoperative imaging.Due primarily to the rarity of MCNs,however,there is limited knowledge regarding the prognostic variables and high-risk factors for malignant transformation.A more comprehensive and nuanced approach is necessary to fill this gap and provide a basis for improved treatment decisions and patient outcomes.AIM To investigate the high-risk factors associated with malignant MCNs and to explore the prognostic factors of MCN with associated invasive carcinoma(MCNAIC).METHODS All cases of resected MCNs from a single high-volume institution between January 2012 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Only cases with ovarian-type stroma verified by progesterone receptor staining were included.Preoperative features,histological findings and postoperative course were documented.Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate variables related to malignancy.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curve,and the prognostic factors were assessed to evaluate the postoperative course of patients with MCN-AIC.RESULTS Among the 48 patients,36 had benign MCNs,and 12 had malignant MCNs(1 high-grade atypical hyperplasia and 11 MCN-AIC).Age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules and pancreatic duct dilatation were identified as independent risk factors associated with malignancy.The follow-up period ranged from 12 mo to 120 mo,with a median overall survival of 58.2 mo.Only three patients with MCN-AIC died,and the 5-year survival rate was 70.1%.All 11 cases of MCN-AIC were stage I,and extracapsular invasion was identified as a prognostic factor for poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION The risk factors independently associated with malignant transformation of MCNs included age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules,and pancreatic duct dilatation.Our study also revealed that encapsulated invasion was a favourable prognostic factor in MCN-AIC patients.

2020-2022年云南地区住院患者医院感染现患率调查

目的了解2020-2022年云南地区住院患者医院感染现状,为优化相应的防控措施提供参考资料。方法通过云南省医院感染质量控制中心监测系统收集2020-2022年云南地区医院感染现患率调查(横断面调查)上报的数据,汇总后应用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。结果2020-2022年分别调查患者117695、109691、137188例,医院感染现患率分别为1.58%、1.47%、1.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.853,P<0.001);感染部位以下呼吸道(2526例次,43.60%)和泌尿道(785例次,13.55%)为主;三次现患率调查综合重症监护病房(ICU)均是医院感染现患率最高的科室(10.95%~16.47%);医院感染病原体主要以革兰阴性菌为主,其中大肠埃希菌均居首位,肺炎克雷伯菌次之,而革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;患者抗菌药物使用率为30.96%~33.91%,呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=257.586,P<0.001);抗菌药物使用目的以治疗为主(占76.46%~78.62%);抗菌药物使用以一联用药为主,三联及以上用药略有升高,从0.66%上升至0.98%;治疗性使用抗菌药物病原学送检率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=94.823,P<0.001)。Ⅰ类切口手术患者手术部位感染率为0.77%~1.22%,三年Ⅰ类切口手术患者抗菌药物预防性使用率分别为19.40%、19.11%、20.93%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为94.823、10.179,均P=0.006)。结论云南地区住院患者医院感染现患率虽有所下降,但医院感染病原体的防控和Ⅰ类切口手术患者预防性抗菌药物的合理使用将是今后工作的重点和难点。

水培生菜中锶的迁移富集及其生理影响

目的:研究锶(Sr)在生菜中的迁移富集情况,以及Sr对生菜吸收其他主要营养元素、生菜鲜质量和叶绿素的影响,定量分析Sr在生菜组织中的分布。方法:采用水培方式培养生菜,设置1个对照组(不添加Sr)和5个Sr处理组(0.1、0.5、1、5和10 mmol/L)。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测生菜茎叶和根组织中Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、P、S和Sr元素的含量,采用叶绿素测定仪检测生菜的叶绿素相对含量,扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)分析生菜叶片和根部组织细胞中Sr的分布。结果:生菜茎叶中的Ca、S、Sr和根中Sr的质量分数在不同浓度Sr处理组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,S的迁移系数(TF)低于对照组(P<0.05);随Sr处理浓度的增加,Sr的TF值降低。5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,水培液中S的浓度与对照组相比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下生菜的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生菜组织中Sr的质量百分比分布大致为:叶表保卫细胞>表皮,叶横切面叶肉≈表皮,根横切面表皮>中柱鞘>韧皮部。结论:Sr在生菜根部的质量分数大于茎叶部分;Sr处理浓度的增加,使得从生菜根部向叶片迁移的Sr占比降低,并且生菜根部S的质量百分比增加,叶片的SPAD值增加;生菜根部吸收的Sr主要固定在根部的表皮。

不同性别早发急性冠脉综合征患者危险因素及病变特点分析

目的:探讨不同性别早发急性冠脉综合征(PACS)患者的危险因素及病变特点。方法:选择上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院心内科2016年1月至2019年1月收治的PACS患者338例,按性别分为男性组(195例)和女性组(143例),比较两组患者的基线资料、ACS分型、实验室检查指标、冠状动脉病变以及心脏结构变化情况。结果:与男性组比较,女性组年龄、糖尿病、脑梗死、不稳定型心绞痛比例、HDL-C、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白A1/B水平显著升高,BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、心肌梗死史、STEMI、NSTEMI比例,TG水平显著降低,P<0.05或<0.01;女性组单支病变比例(30.3%比40.6%)显著升高,左回旋支病变(56.9%比43.4%)、左室舒张末内径增大(6.2%比1.4%)和室间隔厚度增厚比例(16.9%比8.4%)显著降低,P均<0.05。结论:早发急性冠脉综合征患者中,男性吸烟率、TG水平显著升高,而女性患者脑梗死比例、HDL-C水平显著升高,左回旋支病变比例显著降低。两者之间存在显著差异。

国企混改、公司治理与企业绩效研究

发展混合所有制经济是深化新时期国企改革的重点。基于公司治理视角,系统分析国企混改对企业绩效的影响机制,以2010—2022年全部沪深上市国有企业数据为样本,采用固定效应模型、中介效应模型及双重差分模型分析引入战略投资者这一混改方式对国有企业公司治理和企业绩效的影响。实证结果表明:国企混改有利于提升企业绩效;公司治理在国企混改对企业绩效的影响中能够起到部分中介传导作用。进一步研究发现,国企混改政策的推行本身对于企业绩效有积极的政策效应;国企混改对企业绩效的影响效果在央企和地方国企、竞争性行业和垄断性行业里均有所不同。因此,政府应发挥引导和监管作用,深化国资国企改革,推动国有企业与民营资本合作共赢,战略投资者也应积极响应国家政策,助力国资民企合作共赢。

核糖核酸标准物质研制与应用进展

核糖核酸(RNA)标准物质是保证核酸体外诊断数据准确一致的重要实物标准,广泛用于病毒类疾病的检测、仪器校准、试剂盒评价及能力验证等工作中,其目的是保证测量过程和测量结果的准确一致。自1997年,WHO研制出了首个针对核酸扩增技术的丙型肝炎核酸国际标准物质,使全球不同实验室、不同方法检测的结果有了可比性。截至2023年,中国在国家标准物质资源共享平台发布的RNA有证标准物质有近百种,对于RNA标准物质的研究与应用,日益受到世界各国计量机构、相关国际学术组织与企业的重视,尤其是新型冠状病毒疫情暴发后,RNA标准物质成为了生物标准物质的研制热点。随着标准物质研制技术的不断发展,标准物质的量值准确性也有所提升,为测量结果的准确一致提供保障。通过对当前RNA标准物质的制备方法、分装、定值技术、不确定度评定及应用领域进行综述,为RNA标准物质的研制工作以及未来在临床医学、农业生产、动物医学、食品安全等领域的应用提供参考。

忧郁的解剖:《理想国》论僭主

《理想国》将僭主刻画为一位忧郁症患者,这一事实尚未引起足够的注意。公元前5—4世纪的医学、哲学文献中,“忧郁”一词包含沮丧恐惧和兴奋狂躁的双重面向,与柏拉图对僭主生活的描绘相一致。《理想国》8、9两卷中对政体变迁的深入分析,为理解僭主式人格的“忧郁”提供了钥匙。与通常的理解不同,寡头式、民主式和僭主式人格并非三种不同欲望分别统治灵魂的形态,而是灵魂中统治秩序的逐渐崩溃。结合柏拉图的形而上学学说,上述崩溃是“限度”逐渐减少、“无限者”逐渐增加的过程。最佳政体包含最完美的几何比例或“限度”;随着“限度”的逐步减少,每一政体都比前一政体在更大程度上包含“无限者”。僭主式人格即灵魂中“限度”消失,落入纯粹的“无限者”状态。正是这一状态解释了僭主式人格的双面特征。

Mechanical and Permeability Analysis and Optimization of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete Based on Response Surface Method

In this paper,the effects of different influencing factors and factor interaction on the compressive strength and permeability of recycled aggregate pervious concrete(RAPC)were studied based on the response surface method(RSM).By selecting the maximum aggregate size,water cement ratio and target porosity as design variables,combined with laboratory tests and numerical analysis,the influences of three factors on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC were revealed.The regression equation of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of recycled aggregate pervious concrete were established based on RSM,and the response surface model was optimized to determine the optimal ratio of RAPC under the conditions of meeting the mechanical and permeability properties.The results show that the mismatch item of the model is not significant,the model is credible,and the accuracy and reliability of the test are high,but the degree of uncorrelation between the test data and the model is not obvious.The sensitivity of the three factors to the compressive strength is water cement ratio>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>target porosity,and the sensitivity to the permeability coefficient is target porosity>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>water cement ratio.The absolute errors of the model prediction results and the model optimization results are 1.28 MPa and 0.19 mm/s,and the relative errors are 5.06%and 4.19%,respectively.With high accuracy,RSM can match the measured results of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC.

Bubble nucleation in spherical liquid cavity wrapped by elastic medium

According to classical nucleation theory, gas nuclei can generate and grow into a cavitation bubble when the liquid pressure exceeds a threshold. However, classical nucleation theory does not include boundary effects. An enclosed spherical liquid cavity surrounded by elastic medium is introduced to model the nucleation process in tissue. Based on the equilibrium pressure relationship of a quasi-static process, the expressions of the threshold and the modified nucleation rate are derived by considering the tissue elasticity. It is shown that the constraint plays an important role in the nucleation process. There is a positive correlation between nucleation threshold pressure and constraint, which can be enhanced by an increasing tissue elasticity and reducing the size of the cavity. Meanwhile, temperature is found to be a key parameter of nucleation process, and cavitation is more likely to occur in confined liquids at temperature T > 100℃. In contrast, less influences are induced by these factors, such as bulk modulus, liquid cavity size, and acoustic frequency. Although these theoretical predictions of the thresholds have been demonstrated by many previous researches, much lower thresholds can be obtained in liquids containing dissolved gases, e.g., the nucleation threshold is about-21 MPa in a liquid of 0.8-nm gas nuclei at room temperature. Moreover, when there is a gas nucleus of 20 nm, the theoretical threshold pressure might be less than1 MPa.

碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋白制备活性肽的质控研究

以胶原蛋白和大豆分离蛋白为主要研究对象,应用体积排阻色谱(SEC)结合多角度激光光散射(MALLS)及示差折光(RI)联用技术对碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋白制备肽段的过程进行了详细分析。在酶解过程中,不同来源的胶原蛋白(牛、鸡)和大豆分离蛋白在分子量分布、体系的分散度及粒径变化规律上表现出了典型的差异。结果表明,牛胶原蛋白在酶解开始时就迅速被降解产生了大量小分子肽段,鸡胶原蛋白相对于牛胶原蛋白在相同的酶解条件下更难产生小分子肽段,大豆分离蛋白随着酶的加入则是表现出了先聚集再降解的特性。SEC-MALLS技术可以有效把控蛋白酶解的过程以及体系中肽段分子量分布,该技术可以为活性肽产品的开发及品质检测提供依据。

促进全民阅读,建设书香中国——《全民阅读研究成果精选》的阅读文化学内涵阐微

论文依据江苏省全民阅读促进会最新编集问世的《全民阅读研究成果精选》,通过概述其“方略与发展”“理论与探讨”“路径与方法”及“儿童与家庭阅读”四编的具体内容,阐发了其中所包含的有关全民阅读认识论及方法论的价值,探析了该书对于全民阅读推广的现实意义,及其对于阅读文化学的学科建设内涵。

云南省262所县乡镇医疗机构医院感染管理现状调查和分析

目的了解云南省县、乡镇医疗机构医院感染管理部门现状,探讨在县域医共体背景下如何提高县、乡镇医疗机构医院感染管理质量。方法通过问卷调查对云南省262所县、乡镇医疗机构的医院感染管理部门设置现状进行调查。结果91.60%的医院设立了独立的医院感染管理部门,其中84.58%的部门属于一级科室,直接隶属正副院长管辖。专职人员大专及以下学历占42.74%,高级职称占32.69%,8.40%的医院不满足每150~200张实际使用床位配备一名专职人员的要求。25.57%的医院建立了医院感染信息化监控系统,乡镇卫生院参与各项目标性监测的比例均低于县级医院,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论云南省部分县、乡镇医疗机构医院感染管理部门设置尚未达到要求、专职人品配备结构层次不合理、医院感染监测开展总体落后,建议加强科室建设和专业队伍培养,使县、乡镇医疗机构医院感染管理更加完善。

中学语文教学铸牢中华民族共同体意识的策略

中学语文课程作为一门学习国家通用语言文字运用的综合性和实践性课程,在铸牢中华民族共同体意识方面具有独特的优势。调查发现,目前中学语文教学在铸牢中华民族共同体意识方面普遍存在教学目标不明确、教学方法单一、实践活动较少和评价方式单一等问题。为改变这一局面,必须明确课程教学目标、深入挖掘教材资源、改进教学方法、丰富课外实践活动和灵活开展教学评价,以充分发挥语文课程的育人功能。