随着网络技术的广泛应用,出现了多种多样的网络攻击,其中,分布式拒绝服务(Distributed Denial of Service,DDoS)攻击的危害性较大。将12种DDoS攻击的数据与正常数据流混在一起后难以区分,因此防御DDoS攻击的关键是对其进行有效区分。文...随着网络技术的广泛应用,出现了多种多样的网络攻击,其中,分布式拒绝服务(Distributed Denial of Service,DDoS)攻击的危害性较大。将12种DDoS攻击的数据与正常数据流混在一起后难以区分,因此防御DDoS攻击的关键是对其进行有效区分。文章提出一种基于RNN区分DDoS攻击类型的方法。以循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)为研究改进对象,运用了模型的模块化研究方法和技术,抽象出3类简单模块组合形成RNN-IDDoS模型,该模型具有5层、3种时间步。在公开数据集上进行实验,实验结果表明该模型的准确率可达99.8%,优于当前其他3种模型,取得了很好的区分效果。展开更多
为实现利用水稻叶片光谱指数实时预测稻米蛋白质含量,该研究采集了不同年份中氮素、品种差异下寒地水稻主要生育期(T1拔节期、T2齐穗期、T3结实期)顶部3片叶(L1、L2、L3)的叶片光谱反射率,探究其变化规律以及光谱指数与稻米蛋白质含量...为实现利用水稻叶片光谱指数实时预测稻米蛋白质含量,该研究采集了不同年份中氮素、品种差异下寒地水稻主要生育期(T1拔节期、T2齐穗期、T3结实期)顶部3片叶(L1、L2、L3)的叶片光谱反射率,探究其变化规律以及光谱指数与稻米蛋白质含量的关系,并用P-k、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)和对称平均绝对百分比误差(Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error,SMAPE)对模型精度进行验证。结果显示:施氮量多则稻米蛋白质含量高,蛋白质含量高的稻米食味值评分低。提高氮肥投入量,叶片反射率在可见光区域内呈降低趋势,而在近红外平台叶片反射率上升。随着生育期的推进,可见光区域内的叶片反射率逐渐上升,叶片反射率在近红外平台表现出先增加后降低的趋势,其变化规律与蛋白质营养转运有着密切联系。对光谱指标和稻米蛋白质含量进行相关分析,T2时期的L2的光谱指数与蛋白质含量的相关性优于其他时期的叶片,其中T2时期L1叶ARI1指标((1/R_(550))-(1/R_(700)))、L2叶CTR1指标((R_(695)/R_(420)))以及T3时期L3叶Rg指标(绿光范围510~560 nm内的最大波段反射率)显示出与蛋白质含量良好的拟合关系,指标验证的P-k分别为0.01、0.01、0.03,RMSE分别为0.19、0.11、0.14,SMAPE分别为1.56%、1.24%、1.44%,其中以T2时期L2叶CTR1指标表现最优,蛋白质含量拟合方程R2为0.75。综上,借助CTR1指标能够实现快捷、无损和实时预测稻米蛋白质含量的目的,达到按质收获以及品质实时监测的要求,促进优质寒地水稻的可持续发展。展开更多
An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC), an efficient fractional width-w NAF (FWNA...An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC), an efficient fractional width-w NAF (FWNAF) algorithm is proposed to secure ECC scalar multiplication from these attacks. This algorithm adopts the fractional window method and probabilistic SPA scheme to reconfigure the pre-computed table, and it allows designers to make a dynamic configuration on pre-computed table. And then, it is enhanced to resist SPA, DPA, RPA and ZPA attacks by using the random masking method. Compared with the WBRIP and EBRIP methods, our proposals has the lowest total computation cost and reduce the shake phenomenon due to sharp fluctuation on computation performance.展开更多
文摘为实现利用水稻叶片光谱指数实时预测稻米蛋白质含量,该研究采集了不同年份中氮素、品种差异下寒地水稻主要生育期(T1拔节期、T2齐穗期、T3结实期)顶部3片叶(L1、L2、L3)的叶片光谱反射率,探究其变化规律以及光谱指数与稻米蛋白质含量的关系,并用P-k、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)和对称平均绝对百分比误差(Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error,SMAPE)对模型精度进行验证。结果显示:施氮量多则稻米蛋白质含量高,蛋白质含量高的稻米食味值评分低。提高氮肥投入量,叶片反射率在可见光区域内呈降低趋势,而在近红外平台叶片反射率上升。随着生育期的推进,可见光区域内的叶片反射率逐渐上升,叶片反射率在近红外平台表现出先增加后降低的趋势,其变化规律与蛋白质营养转运有着密切联系。对光谱指标和稻米蛋白质含量进行相关分析,T2时期的L2的光谱指数与蛋白质含量的相关性优于其他时期的叶片,其中T2时期L1叶ARI1指标((1/R_(550))-(1/R_(700)))、L2叶CTR1指标((R_(695)/R_(420)))以及T3时期L3叶Rg指标(绿光范围510~560 nm内的最大波段反射率)显示出与蛋白质含量良好的拟合关系,指标验证的P-k分别为0.01、0.01、0.03,RMSE分别为0.19、0.11、0.14,SMAPE分别为1.56%、1.24%、1.44%,其中以T2时期L2叶CTR1指标表现最优,蛋白质含量拟合方程R2为0.75。综上,借助CTR1指标能够实现快捷、无损和实时预测稻米蛋白质含量的目的,达到按质收获以及品质实时监测的要求,促进优质寒地水稻的可持续发展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60373109)Ministry of Science and Technologyof China and the National Commercial Cryptography Application Technology Architecture and Application DemonstrationProject(2008BAA22B02).
文摘An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC), an efficient fractional width-w NAF (FWNAF) algorithm is proposed to secure ECC scalar multiplication from these attacks. This algorithm adopts the fractional window method and probabilistic SPA scheme to reconfigure the pre-computed table, and it allows designers to make a dynamic configuration on pre-computed table. And then, it is enhanced to resist SPA, DPA, RPA and ZPA attacks by using the random masking method. Compared with the WBRIP and EBRIP methods, our proposals has the lowest total computation cost and reduce the shake phenomenon due to sharp fluctuation on computation performance.