随着分布式能源和储能容量的增加以及电动汽车的普及,配电网的功率流动由单向转变为双向,且网络拓扑由径向转变为复杂的网状结构。为了高效应对网状配电网的潮流(power flow,PF)分析和最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)问题,以及进一步...随着分布式能源和储能容量的增加以及电动汽车的普及,配电网的功率流动由单向转变为双向,且网络拓扑由径向转变为复杂的网状结构。为了高效应对网状配电网的潮流(power flow,PF)分析和最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)问题,以及进一步提升现有线性化模型的近似精度、完善对网络损耗等元素的线性近似,该文构建迭代隐式线性化潮流(iterative implicit linearization power flow,IIL-PF)模型及其最优潮流模型(IIL-OPF)。该模型将非线性潮流流形M(Manifold)视为节点电压和节点注入功率之间的隐式代数关系,之后利用切平面对M进行局部近似,并迭代更新线性化点以提高线性模型的近似精度。此外,所提模型充分考虑了支路始/末端潮流、支路潮流平方、支路损耗等因素,并对其进行明确的线性化推导。最后,基于修改的IEEE 33系统,分别在径向和网状运行方式下,验证所提模型可快速收敛,并具有较高的近似精度。其中IIL-PF计算结果、IIL-OPF的目标函数和发电机出力等优化结果与MATPOWER的非线性模型相比,误差均在1%以内,因此所提模型可以满足工程规划或日前运行模拟等应用要求。展开更多
Thermal cracking of China No.3 aviation kerosene was studied experimentally and analytically under supercritical conditions relevant to regenerative cooling system for Mach-6 scramjet applications. A two-stage heated ...Thermal cracking of China No.3 aviation kerosene was studied experimentally and analytically under supercritical conditions relevant to regenerative cooling system for Mach-6 scramjet applications. A two-stage heated tube system with cracked products collection/analysis was used and it can achieve a fuel temperature range of 700―1100 K,a pressure range of 3.5―4.5 MPa and a residence time of ap-proximately 0.5―1.3 s. Compositions of the cracked gaseous products and mass flow rate of the kerosene flow at varied temperatures and pressures were obtained experimentally. A one-step lumped model was developed with the cracked mixtures grouped into three categories:unreacted kerosene,gaseous products and residuals including liquid products and carbon deposits. Based on the model,fuel conversion on the mass basis,the reaction rate and the residence time were estimated as functions of temperature. Meanwhile,a sonic nozzle was used for the control of the mass flow rate of the cracked kerosene,and correlation of the mass flow rate gives a good agreement with the measurements.展开更多
文摘随着分布式能源和储能容量的增加以及电动汽车的普及,配电网的功率流动由单向转变为双向,且网络拓扑由径向转变为复杂的网状结构。为了高效应对网状配电网的潮流(power flow,PF)分析和最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)问题,以及进一步提升现有线性化模型的近似精度、完善对网络损耗等元素的线性近似,该文构建迭代隐式线性化潮流(iterative implicit linearization power flow,IIL-PF)模型及其最优潮流模型(IIL-OPF)。该模型将非线性潮流流形M(Manifold)视为节点电压和节点注入功率之间的隐式代数关系,之后利用切平面对M进行局部近似,并迭代更新线性化点以提高线性模型的近似精度。此外,所提模型充分考虑了支路始/末端潮流、支路潮流平方、支路损耗等因素,并对其进行明确的线性化推导。最后,基于修改的IEEE 33系统,分别在径向和网状运行方式下,验证所提模型可快速收敛,并具有较高的近似精度。其中IIL-PF计算结果、IIL-OPF的目标函数和发电机出力等优化结果与MATPOWER的非线性模型相比,误差均在1%以内,因此所提模型可以满足工程规划或日前运行模拟等应用要求。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10672169 and 10742003)
文摘Thermal cracking of China No.3 aviation kerosene was studied experimentally and analytically under supercritical conditions relevant to regenerative cooling system for Mach-6 scramjet applications. A two-stage heated tube system with cracked products collection/analysis was used and it can achieve a fuel temperature range of 700―1100 K,a pressure range of 3.5―4.5 MPa and a residence time of ap-proximately 0.5―1.3 s. Compositions of the cracked gaseous products and mass flow rate of the kerosene flow at varied temperatures and pressures were obtained experimentally. A one-step lumped model was developed with the cracked mixtures grouped into three categories:unreacted kerosene,gaseous products and residuals including liquid products and carbon deposits. Based on the model,fuel conversion on the mass basis,the reaction rate and the residence time were estimated as functions of temperature. Meanwhile,a sonic nozzle was used for the control of the mass flow rate of the cracked kerosene,and correlation of the mass flow rate gives a good agreement with the measurements.
