熔石英磨削的残余应力层深度预测研究

目的磨削后工件表面残余应力处于裂纹层下方其位置隐蔽、不易检测,使用过程中受到应力作用易扩展成裂纹,影响后续工艺参数设计和工件使用寿命。因此,研究磨削后表面残余应力层深度有助于确定后续工艺加工余量,提高工件使用性能。方法本文采用离散元法建立单颗磨粒磨削熔石英的离散元模型,研究磨粒粒径对工件亚表面损伤深度的影响。采用角度抛光法和差动腐蚀法测量熔石英亚表面裂纹层和损伤层深度,计算残余应力层深度并验证模型。结果当磨粒粒径分别为7、14、28、40μm时,仿真得到的裂纹层深度分别为2.53、3.02、4.07、7.39μm,残余应力层深度分别为0.75、1.00、1.34、2.33μm;实验测得的裂纹层深度分别为2.51、3.14、4.65、8.16μm,残余应力层深度分别为0.86、0.93、1.31、1.87μm。由此可见,随着磨粒粒径的增大,工件表面的脆性去除愈加明显,表面质量变差,亚表面裂纹层深度和残余应力层深度增大。仿真预测裂纹层深度与实验值偏差小于15%,残余应力层深度偏差小于25%,残余应力层深度约为裂纹层深度的1/4~1/3,随磨粒粒径增大,比例逐渐减小。结论离散元仿真可有效预测熔石英磨削后的残余应力层深度,为其磨削工艺的制定提供参考。

Transmission of Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus from Frozen Infected Leaves to Healthy Rice Plants by Small Brown Planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus)

In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBPH） acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.

电厂锅炉水冷壁泄漏的原因及对策

针对电厂锅炉泄漏的主要原因和对策进行探讨,让广大技术人员对这一类问题有一个初步的认识;清楚了解锅炉设备的设备参数、特点和泄漏原因,技术人员及时制定有效措施避免发生安全事故;根据电厂锅炉冷壁泄漏的原因提出了相应的解决方案,使锅炉处于安全平稳中运行。