Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formatio...Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formation of nickel single atoms(Ni-SAs) as exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst toward UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in urea-assisted water splitting.In UOR catalysis,Ni-SAs perform a superior catalytic performance than Ni-NP/NC and Pt/C ascribing to the formation of HOO-Ni-N_(4) structure evidenced by in-situ Raman spectroscopy,corresponding to a boosted mass activity by 175-fold at 1.4 V vs.RHE than Ni-NP/NC.Furthermore,Ni-SAs requires only 450 mV overpotential to obtain HER current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).136 mA cm^(-2) is achieved in urea-assisted water splitting at1.7 V for Ni-SAs,boosted by 5.7 times than Pt/C-IrO_(2) driven water splitting.展开更多
Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of g...Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.展开更多
Artificial synapse inspired by the biological brain has great potential in the field of neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence.The memristor is an ideal artificial synaptic device with fast operation and g...Artificial synapse inspired by the biological brain has great potential in the field of neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence.The memristor is an ideal artificial synaptic device with fast operation and good tolerance.Here,we have prepared a memristor device with Au/CsPbBr_(3)/ITO structure.The memristor device exhibits resistance switching behavior,the high and low resistance states no obvious decline after 400 switching times.The memristor device is stimulated by voltage pulses to simulate biological synaptic plasticity,such as long-term potentiation,long-term depression,pair-pulse facilitation,short-term depression,and short-term potentiation.The transformation from short-term memory to long-term memory is achieved by changing the stimulation frequency.In addition,a convolutional neural network was constructed to train/recognize MNIST handwritten data sets;a distinguished recognition accuracy of~96.7%on the digital image was obtained in 100 epochs,which is more accurate than other memristor-based neural networks.These results show that the memristor device based on CsPbBr3 has immense potential in the neuromorphic computing system.展开更多
A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray di...A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and chemical composition.The results showed that the SAP surface had three-dimensional micro-nano structures and exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 160.0°,oil contact angle of 151.6°,a minimum water slide angle of 0°and oil slide angle of 9°.The mechanical strength and chemical stability of the SAP surface were tested further.The experimental results showed that the SAP surface presented excellent resistance to wear,prominent acid-resistance and alkali-resistance,self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of circRNA-vgll3 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods:BMSCs cells were transfected with circRNA-vgll3,and divided into circRNA-vgll3 high...Objective:To explore the mechanism of circRNA-vgll3 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods:BMSCs cells were transfected with circRNA-vgll3,and divided into circRNA-vgll3 high-level group,circRNA-vgll3 low-level group,and negative control group(circRNA-vgll3 not transfected)according to the amount of transfection.The proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs osteoblasts in each group were analyzed,and the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,type I collagen gray value,bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2),Runx2 protein,and mRNA expression levels were detected.Results:The circRNA-vgll3 low-level group had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BMSCs osteoblasts,and the apoptosis rate of the circRNA-vgll3 low-level group was significantly higher than that of the circRNA-vgll3 high-level group(P<0.05);ALP activity,type I collagen gray value,BMP-2,Runx2 protein,and mRNA expression levels in the high-level circRNA-vgll3 group were significantly higher than those in the low-level circRNA-vgll3 group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Overexpression of circRNA-vgll3 can promote the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs,while low expression of circRNA-vgll3 can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs.The main mechanism of action is that circRNA-vgll3 can affect osteogenic differentiation by regulating the Runx2 protein.展开更多
Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as ...Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.展开更多
Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been reported to have a possible relationship with the occurrence and clinical course of Takayasu arteritis (TA). We aimed to describe the characteristics of TB in a large po...Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been reported to have a possible relationship with the occurrence and clinical course of Takayasu arteritis (TA). We aimed to describe the characteristics of TB in a large population of TA patients. Methods We included a total of 1105 patients with TA, who were hospitalized between January 1992 and December 2017. Comparisons of clinical features were made according to the presence of TB. Results Among the 1105 patients, 109 (9.9%) had TB, including 53 patients (48.6%) diagnosed with TB before the onset of TA, 23 (21.1%) with a concurrent diagnosis of TB and TA, and 24 patients (22.0%) who developed TB after TA. Pulmonary TB was the most frequently identified (97 patients, 89.0%). Patients with TB had more frequent involvement of the pulmonary artery and experienced more chest discomfort and constitutional symptoms but had less interventional treatment. Demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, and use of steroids were similar between patients with and without TB. Conclusions The proportion of Chinese TA patients with TB was not low, and about half of the patients had TB before TA. Pulmonary TB was the most common. Pulmonary artery involvement and pulmonary hypertension was more frequent in TA patients with TB.展开更多
Background Anemia is a common comorbidity of patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA). This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment in Chinese TA patients with anemia. Methods This retrospe...Background Anemia is a common comorbidity of patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA). This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment in Chinese TA patients with anemia. Methods This retrospective study included 533 consecutive patients hospitalized for TA from January 2009 to April 2018. Anemia was diagnosed on the basis of hemoglobin level, according to World Health Organization criteria. Results A total of 194 patients(36.4%) were diagnosed with anemia. Most had mild anemia(177, 91.2%). Female patients were predominant(92.8% of anemic patients). Normocytic anemia(62.9%) was the most common pattern. Anemic patients were more likely than non-anemic patients to have dizziness(29.4% vs. 21.2%), low body mass index(22.0 ± 3.6 vs. 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2), and active disease stage(64.9% vs. 50.1%);pulmonary involvement(12.4% vs. 26.8%), pulmonary hypertension(12.9% vs. 20.1%) and pulmonary hypertensive-target drugs(2.8% vs. 11.6%) were less common among anemic than non-anemic patients(all P < 0.05). Larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were observed in anemic patients. Over a median follow-up of four months, the increase of hemoglobin in anemic patients was associated with the use of iron supplementation. Conclusions Anemia is a very common concurrent condition in TA, especially in young, female patients. Patients with anemia are more likely to be in the active disease stage. Iron supplementation helps increase hemoglobin.展开更多
Background:In-feed antibiotics are being phased out in livestock production worldwide.Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to maintain animal health and production performance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)are...Background:In-feed antibiotics are being phased out in livestock production worldwide.Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to maintain animal health and production performance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities.Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous HDPs represents a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to disease control and prevention.Methods:To identify natural products with an ability to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs,we performed a high-throughput screening of 1261 natural products using a newly-established stable luciferase reporter cell line known as IPEC-J2/pBD3-luc.The ability of the hit compounds to induce HDP genes in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells,3D4/31 macrophages,and jejunal explants were verified using RT-qPCR.Augmentation of the antibacterial activity of porcine 3D4/31 macrophages against a Gram-negative bacterium(enterotoxigenic E.coli)and a Gram-positive bacterium(Staphylococcus aureus)were further confirmed with four selected HDP-inducing compounds.Results:A total of 48 natural products with a minimum Z-score of 2.0 were identified after high-throughput screening,with 21 compounds giving at least 2-fold increase in luciferase activity in a follow-up dose-response experiment.Xanthohumol and deoxyshikonin were further found to be the most potent in inducing pBD3 mRNA expression,showing a minimum 10-fold increase in IPEC-J2,3D4/31 cells,and jejunal explants.Other compounds such as isorhapontigenin and calycosin also enhanced pBD3 mRNA expression by at least 10-fold in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunal explants,but not 3D4/31 cells.In addition to pBD3,other porcine HDP genes such as pBD2,PG1-5,and pEP2C were induced to different magnitudes by xanthohumol,deoxyshikonin,isorhapontigenin,and calycosin,although clear gene-and cell type-specific patterns of regulation were observed.Desirably,these four compounds had a minimum effect on the expression of several representative inflammatory cytokine genes.Furthermore,when used at HDP-inducing concentrations,these compounds showed no obvious direct antibacterial activity,but significantly augmented the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 macrophages(P<0.05)against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions:Our results indicate that these newly-identified natural HDP-inducing compounds have the potential to be developed as novel alternatives to antibiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases in livestock production.展开更多
Techniques have been developed for the vegetative propagation of Tetraena mongolica,a rare and endangered species endemic to the western Ordos Plateau in the northcentral portion of China.The purpose of the study was ...Techniques have been developed for the vegetative propagation of Tetraena mongolica,a rare and endangered species endemic to the western Ordos Plateau in the northcentral portion of China.The purpose of the study was to investigate the rooting characteris-tics of the plant species from the aspects of length and ages of cuttings,external hormone concentration,leaf retention,cutting orientations,and cutting positions.The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the rooting ratio of 2-year or 3-year old cuttings was larger than more than of 4-year old cuttings.The influence of external hormone concentration on rooting was ob-vious;the rooting ratio of cuttings was increased by external hormone treatment,especially when treated by ABT1(ABT No.1 Rooting Powder) 50 mg/L for 3 hours,in which case,the rooting ratio reached 91 percent.Leaf retention influenced rooting sig-nificantly;the rooting rate of cuttings became greater as the leaf retention increased.There was no significant difference in rooting capability between south and north orientations of the ortets.The rooting ratio of the cuttings obtained from the distal portions of shoots was significantly larger than those obtained from the middle and the basal portions of the shoots.On day three after treat-ment,calluses started appearing at the incisions of some cuttings dipped in 500 mg/L IAA(indole acetic acid).Most cuttings were healed or swelled,and 6 percent of cuttings rooted on day 6 after treatment.Higher rooting period occurred 7-10 days after the experiment was set up.展开更多
The emerging of commercial high-voltage gallium nitride(GaN) power devices provides extraordinary switching performance over silicone devices, which enables high-voltage power conversion switching at megahertz range.S...The emerging of commercial high-voltage gallium nitride(GaN) power devices provides extraordinary switching performance over silicone devices, which enables high-voltage power conversion switching at megahertz range.Such outstanding features also pose strong challenges for device packaging design since the package parasitics can significantly influence the device switching characteristics, and thus can shadow the advantages brought by GaN devices. Designers have been dealing with these challenges brought by high du/dt and high-frequency switching operation even since the silicon(Si) era when fast switching Si MOSFET is first developed and came up with lots of inspiring advanced power module packaging structures to mitigate the problems.This paper presents a review of advanced power module packaging and integration structures that are suitable for high frequency power conversion.The review covers the heritage from the high frequency Si MOSFET packaging to the state-of-the-art for GaN devices.展开更多
Background Left ventricular dilatation and a decreased ejection fraction is one of the most serious complications in patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA).We aim to describe the prevalence,clinical features,treatment,a...Background Left ventricular dilatation and a decreased ejection fraction is one of the most serious complications in patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA).We aim to describe the prevalence,clinical features,treatment,and long-term prognosis of TA patients with this complication.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209126)。
文摘Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formation of nickel single atoms(Ni-SAs) as exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst toward UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in urea-assisted water splitting.In UOR catalysis,Ni-SAs perform a superior catalytic performance than Ni-NP/NC and Pt/C ascribing to the formation of HOO-Ni-N_(4) structure evidenced by in-situ Raman spectroscopy,corresponding to a boosted mass activity by 175-fold at 1.4 V vs.RHE than Ni-NP/NC.Furthermore,Ni-SAs requires only 450 mV overpotential to obtain HER current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).136 mA cm^(-2) is achieved in urea-assisted water splitting at1.7 V for Ni-SAs,boosted by 5.7 times than Pt/C-IrO_(2) driven water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12174444 and 52202195)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020RC3032)。
文摘Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 11574057,and 12172093)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021A1515012607).
文摘Artificial synapse inspired by the biological brain has great potential in the field of neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence.The memristor is an ideal artificial synaptic device with fast operation and good tolerance.Here,we have prepared a memristor device with Au/CsPbBr_(3)/ITO structure.The memristor device exhibits resistance switching behavior,the high and low resistance states no obvious decline after 400 switching times.The memristor device is stimulated by voltage pulses to simulate biological synaptic plasticity,such as long-term potentiation,long-term depression,pair-pulse facilitation,short-term depression,and short-term potentiation.The transformation from short-term memory to long-term memory is achieved by changing the stimulation frequency.In addition,a convolutional neural network was constructed to train/recognize MNIST handwritten data sets;a distinguished recognition accuracy of~96.7%on the digital image was obtained in 100 epochs,which is more accurate than other memristor-based neural networks.These results show that the memristor device based on CsPbBr3 has immense potential in the neuromorphic computing system.
基金supported by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2017JZ0021,2017SZ0039)Education Department of Sichuan Province(17ZA0298)Innovative Training Program for College Students of Sichuan Province(No.201810626118)。
文摘A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and chemical composition.The results showed that the SAP surface had three-dimensional micro-nano structures and exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 160.0°,oil contact angle of 151.6°,a minimum water slide angle of 0°and oil slide angle of 9°.The mechanical strength and chemical stability of the SAP surface were tested further.The experimental results showed that the SAP surface presented excellent resistance to wear,prominent acid-resistance and alkali-resistance,self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of circRNA-vgll3 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods:BMSCs cells were transfected with circRNA-vgll3,and divided into circRNA-vgll3 high-level group,circRNA-vgll3 low-level group,and negative control group(circRNA-vgll3 not transfected)according to the amount of transfection.The proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs osteoblasts in each group were analyzed,and the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,type I collagen gray value,bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2),Runx2 protein,and mRNA expression levels were detected.Results:The circRNA-vgll3 low-level group had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BMSCs osteoblasts,and the apoptosis rate of the circRNA-vgll3 low-level group was significantly higher than that of the circRNA-vgll3 high-level group(P<0.05);ALP activity,type I collagen gray value,BMP-2,Runx2 protein,and mRNA expression levels in the high-level circRNA-vgll3 group were significantly higher than those in the low-level circRNA-vgll3 group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Overexpression of circRNA-vgll3 can promote the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs,while low expression of circRNA-vgll3 can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs.The main mechanism of action is that circRNA-vgll3 can affect osteogenic differentiation by regulating the Runx2 protein.
基金sponsored by the Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacture, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridgethe Natural Science Foundation of China (51271170)+1 种基金China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2011DFR50540)Major Scientific and Technological Special Key Industrial Project of Zhejiang Province (2012C11001)
文摘Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1300100)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2016I2M-1-002)
文摘Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been reported to have a possible relationship with the occurrence and clinical course of Takayasu arteritis (TA). We aimed to describe the characteristics of TB in a large population of TA patients. Methods We included a total of 1105 patients with TA, who were hospitalized between January 1992 and December 2017. Comparisons of clinical features were made according to the presence of TB. Results Among the 1105 patients, 109 (9.9%) had TB, including 53 patients (48.6%) diagnosed with TB before the onset of TA, 23 (21.1%) with a concurrent diagnosis of TB and TA, and 24 patients (22.0%) who developed TB after TA. Pulmonary TB was the most frequently identified (97 patients, 89.0%). Patients with TB had more frequent involvement of the pulmonary artery and experienced more chest discomfort and constitutional symptoms but had less interventional treatment. Demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, and use of steroids were similar between patients with and without TB. Conclusions The proportion of Chinese TA patients with TB was not low, and about half of the patients had TB before TA. Pulmonary TB was the most common. Pulmonary artery involvement and pulmonary hypertension was more frequent in TA patients with TB.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1300100)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2016-I2M1-002)
文摘Background Anemia is a common comorbidity of patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA). This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment in Chinese TA patients with anemia. Methods This retrospective study included 533 consecutive patients hospitalized for TA from January 2009 to April 2018. Anemia was diagnosed on the basis of hemoglobin level, according to World Health Organization criteria. Results A total of 194 patients(36.4%) were diagnosed with anemia. Most had mild anemia(177, 91.2%). Female patients were predominant(92.8% of anemic patients). Normocytic anemia(62.9%) was the most common pattern. Anemic patients were more likely than non-anemic patients to have dizziness(29.4% vs. 21.2%), low body mass index(22.0 ± 3.6 vs. 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2), and active disease stage(64.9% vs. 50.1%);pulmonary involvement(12.4% vs. 26.8%), pulmonary hypertension(12.9% vs. 20.1%) and pulmonary hypertensive-target drugs(2.8% vs. 11.6%) were less common among anemic than non-anemic patients(all P < 0.05). Larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were observed in anemic patients. Over a median follow-up of four months, the increase of hemoglobin in anemic patients was associated with the use of iron supplementation. Conclusions Anemia is a very common concurrent condition in TA, especially in young, female patients. Patients with anemia are more likely to be in the active disease stage. Iron supplementation helps increase hemoglobin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972576)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6202004)+2 种基金the Special Program on Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of BAAFS(KJCX20180414 and KJCX201914)the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture(2018-68003-27462 and 2018-33610-28252)the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology(AR19-27)。
文摘Background:In-feed antibiotics are being phased out in livestock production worldwide.Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to maintain animal health and production performance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities.Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous HDPs represents a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to disease control and prevention.Methods:To identify natural products with an ability to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs,we performed a high-throughput screening of 1261 natural products using a newly-established stable luciferase reporter cell line known as IPEC-J2/pBD3-luc.The ability of the hit compounds to induce HDP genes in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells,3D4/31 macrophages,and jejunal explants were verified using RT-qPCR.Augmentation of the antibacterial activity of porcine 3D4/31 macrophages against a Gram-negative bacterium(enterotoxigenic E.coli)and a Gram-positive bacterium(Staphylococcus aureus)were further confirmed with four selected HDP-inducing compounds.Results:A total of 48 natural products with a minimum Z-score of 2.0 were identified after high-throughput screening,with 21 compounds giving at least 2-fold increase in luciferase activity in a follow-up dose-response experiment.Xanthohumol and deoxyshikonin were further found to be the most potent in inducing pBD3 mRNA expression,showing a minimum 10-fold increase in IPEC-J2,3D4/31 cells,and jejunal explants.Other compounds such as isorhapontigenin and calycosin also enhanced pBD3 mRNA expression by at least 10-fold in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunal explants,but not 3D4/31 cells.In addition to pBD3,other porcine HDP genes such as pBD2,PG1-5,and pEP2C were induced to different magnitudes by xanthohumol,deoxyshikonin,isorhapontigenin,and calycosin,although clear gene-and cell type-specific patterns of regulation were observed.Desirably,these four compounds had a minimum effect on the expression of several representative inflammatory cytokine genes.Furthermore,when used at HDP-inducing concentrations,these compounds showed no obvious direct antibacterial activity,but significantly augmented the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 macrophages(P<0.05)against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions:Our results indicate that these newly-identified natural HDP-inducing compounds have the potential to be developed as novel alternatives to antibiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases in livestock production.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia
文摘Techniques have been developed for the vegetative propagation of Tetraena mongolica,a rare and endangered species endemic to the western Ordos Plateau in the northcentral portion of China.The purpose of the study was to investigate the rooting characteris-tics of the plant species from the aspects of length and ages of cuttings,external hormone concentration,leaf retention,cutting orientations,and cutting positions.The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the rooting ratio of 2-year or 3-year old cuttings was larger than more than of 4-year old cuttings.The influence of external hormone concentration on rooting was ob-vious;the rooting ratio of cuttings was increased by external hormone treatment,especially when treated by ABT1(ABT No.1 Rooting Powder) 50 mg/L for 3 hours,in which case,the rooting ratio reached 91 percent.Leaf retention influenced rooting sig-nificantly;the rooting rate of cuttings became greater as the leaf retention increased.There was no significant difference in rooting capability between south and north orientations of the ortets.The rooting ratio of the cuttings obtained from the distal portions of shoots was significantly larger than those obtained from the middle and the basal portions of the shoots.On day three after treat-ment,calluses started appearing at the incisions of some cuttings dipped in 500 mg/L IAA(indole acetic acid).Most cuttings were healed or swelled,and 6 percent of cuttings rooted on day 6 after treatment.Higher rooting period occurred 7-10 days after the experiment was set up.
文摘The emerging of commercial high-voltage gallium nitride(GaN) power devices provides extraordinary switching performance over silicone devices, which enables high-voltage power conversion switching at megahertz range.Such outstanding features also pose strong challenges for device packaging design since the package parasitics can significantly influence the device switching characteristics, and thus can shadow the advantages brought by GaN devices. Designers have been dealing with these challenges brought by high du/dt and high-frequency switching operation even since the silicon(Si) era when fast switching Si MOSFET is first developed and came up with lots of inspiring advanced power module packaging structures to mitigate the problems.This paper presents a review of advanced power module packaging and integration structures that are suitable for high frequency power conversion.The review covers the heritage from the high frequency Si MOSFET packaging to the state-of-the-art for GaN devices.
文摘Background Left ventricular dilatation and a decreased ejection fraction is one of the most serious complications in patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA).We aim to describe the prevalence,clinical features,treatment,and long-term prognosis of TA patients with this complication.