Towards the end of the 20th century, left wing political parties took power in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela. In 2007, Ecuador joined their ranks, becoming the most powerful and influential radical leftist co...Towards the end of the 20th century, left wing political parties took power in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela. In 2007, Ecuador joined their ranks, becoming the most powerful and influential radical leftist country after Venezuela. Good Living Socialism is a critical part of Socialism of the 21st Century, principles from the radical left wing governments of Latin America. Its theories and practices provide realistic and historical meaning for the development of Ecuador, Latin American left wing movements and the world socialist movement.展开更多
Social movements have multiplied in Latin America since the 1990s. Like the parties and governments of the Left, these movements aim to resist neo-liberal reform. Their support comes from the indigenous populations, l...Social movements have multiplied in Latin America since the 1990s. Like the parties and governments of the Left, these movements aim to resist neo-liberal reform. Their support comes from the indigenous populations, landless peasants, unemployed workers, and public sector employees. They function by means of participatory democracy and don't seek to take state power. International contacts and cooperation are growing rapidly. Such movements have had an important impact upon the region. However, they are facing new problems in the years ahead.展开更多
Though the turn to the right in Latin America will continue over the short term, the left has not diminished and its resurgence remains possible. The political situation in Latin America has undergone dramatic changes...Though the turn to the right in Latin America will continue over the short term, the left has not diminished and its resurgence remains possible. The political situation in Latin America has undergone dramatic changes since 2015, when an ebbing of the"pink tide"and rise of the right in several countries occurred, coupled with US support to the right.Flexible political strategies and rightists' political pragmatism are occurring as the continent's middle class expands, coupled with US support to the right. Some conditions that promote the right's revival remain operative, but for the new right regimes, addressing economic vitality, the wellbeing of the poor, corruption, and divisions from within are imminent challenges against which a left resurgence has competitive ground.展开更多
Chemomechanics of materials is an exciting and fast growing field where mechanics meets chemistry. This perspective presents a brief overview of recent advance in the study of materials chemomechanics. We identify cha...Chemomechanics of materials is an exciting and fast growing field where mechanics meets chemistry. This perspective presents a brief overview of recent advance in the study of materials chemomechanics. We identify challenges and opportunities for tackling the long-standing and emerging problems for the field.展开更多
The rapid development in the field of chemo-mechanical coupling has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Chemomechanical coupling phenomena exist in many research areas, ranging from development of advanced bat...The rapid development in the field of chemo-mechanical coupling has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Chemomechanical coupling phenomena exist in many research areas, ranging from development of advanced batteries, biomechanical engineering, hydrogen embrittlement, and high temperature oxidation, etc. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the recent advances in chemo-mechanical coupling study on high temperature oxidation. The theoretical frameworks, computational modeling, and experimental studies on this subject are summarized and discussed. The stress-diffusion coupling effect in diffusion-controlled oxidation process, stress-induced evolution of oxide morphology in microscale experiment, and stressoxidation interaction at crack front for intergranular fracture are highlighted. In addition, potential applications and possible methods via surface engineering for improving oxidation-resistance of high temperature structural materials are briefly discussed.展开更多
基金funded by China’s National Social Sciences Fund.It is part of a larger study of political development models of non-western countriesits number is 15ZDA033
文摘Towards the end of the 20th century, left wing political parties took power in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela. In 2007, Ecuador joined their ranks, becoming the most powerful and influential radical leftist country after Venezuela. Good Living Socialism is a critical part of Socialism of the 21st Century, principles from the radical left wing governments of Latin America. Its theories and practices provide realistic and historical meaning for the development of Ecuador, Latin American left wing movements and the world socialist movement.
文摘Social movements have multiplied in Latin America since the 1990s. Like the parties and governments of the Left, these movements aim to resist neo-liberal reform. Their support comes from the indigenous populations, landless peasants, unemployed workers, and public sector employees. They function by means of participatory democracy and don't seek to take state power. International contacts and cooperation are growing rapidly. Such movements have had an important impact upon the region. However, they are facing new problems in the years ahead.
文摘Though the turn to the right in Latin America will continue over the short term, the left has not diminished and its resurgence remains possible. The political situation in Latin America has undergone dramatic changes since 2015, when an ebbing of the"pink tide"and rise of the right in several countries occurred, coupled with US support to the right.Flexible political strategies and rightists' political pragmatism are occurring as the continent's middle class expands, coupled with US support to the right. Some conditions that promote the right's revival remain operative, but for the new right regimes, addressing economic vitality, the wellbeing of the poor, corruption, and divisions from within are imminent challenges against which a left resurgence has competitive ground.
文摘Chemomechanics of materials is an exciting and fast growing field where mechanics meets chemistry. This perspective presents a brief overview of recent advance in the study of materials chemomechanics. We identify challenges and opportunities for tackling the long-standing and emerging problems for the field.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB351900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11625207,11320101001,11227801)
文摘The rapid development in the field of chemo-mechanical coupling has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Chemomechanical coupling phenomena exist in many research areas, ranging from development of advanced batteries, biomechanical engineering, hydrogen embrittlement, and high temperature oxidation, etc. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the recent advances in chemo-mechanical coupling study on high temperature oxidation. The theoretical frameworks, computational modeling, and experimental studies on this subject are summarized and discussed. The stress-diffusion coupling effect in diffusion-controlled oxidation process, stress-induced evolution of oxide morphology in microscale experiment, and stressoxidation interaction at crack front for intergranular fracture are highlighted. In addition, potential applications and possible methods via surface engineering for improving oxidation-resistance of high temperature structural materials are briefly discussed.
