随着混凝土结构服役年限增长和外部环境导致的混凝土结构损伤,结构将难以达到设计要求,需对既有结构进行修复加固,或采用新型组合结构替换原结构。超高性能混凝土(Ultra High Performance Concrete,UHPC)作为一种超高强度、良好韧性和...随着混凝土结构服役年限增长和外部环境导致的混凝土结构损伤,结构将难以达到设计要求,需对既有结构进行修复加固,或采用新型组合结构替换原结构。超高性能混凝土(Ultra High Performance Concrete,UHPC)作为一种超高强度、良好韧性和优异耐久性的水泥基复合材料,将其应用到既有混凝土结构的修复加固中,有望成为良好的解决方案,但两种材料之间可靠的界面粘结是其中的关键。通过对国内外UHPC与水泥基材料界面性能试验和数值模拟研究进展的系统梳理和总结,阐述了两种混凝土材料界面粘结性能试验方法,分析了影响UHPC与水泥基材料组合结构界面粘结性因素,包括基底混凝土表面处理方式、界面剂、UHPC材料性能等,探讨了UHPC界面性能数值模拟中粘结滑移关系及UHPC损伤模型的选择。最后,对UHPC与水泥基材料界面粘结今后的研究方向提出了一些建议,希望能为UHPC在实际修复加固工程中的应用提供指导和帮助。展开更多
To evaluate the ocean surface wind vector and the sea surface temperature obtained from WindSat, we compare these quantities over the time period from January 2004 to December 2013 with moored buoy measurements. The m...To evaluate the ocean surface wind vector and the sea surface temperature obtained from WindSat, we compare these quantities over the time period from January 2004 to December 2013 with moored buoy measurements. The mean bias between the WindSat wind speed and the buoy wind speed is low for the low frequency wind speed product （WSPD_LF）, ranging from -0.07 to 0.08 m/s in different selected areas. The overall RMS error is 0.98 m/s for WSPD_LF, ranging from 0.82 to 1.16 m/s in different selected regions. The wind speed retrieval result in the tropical Ocean is better than that of the coastal and offshore waters of the United States. In addition, the wind speed retrieval accuracy ofWSPD LF is better than that of the medium frequency wind speed product. The crosstalk analysis indicates that the WindSat wind speed retrieval contains some cross influences from the other geophysical parameters, such as sea surface temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water. The mean bias between the WindSat wind direction and the buoy wind direction ranges from -0.46° to 1.19° in different selected regions. The overall RMS error is 19.59° when the wind speed is greater than 6 m/s. Measurements of the tropical ocean region have a better accuracy than those of the US west and east coasts. Very good agreement is obtained between sea surface temperatures of WindSat and buoy measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean; the overall RMS error is only 0.36℃, and the retrieval accuracy of the low latitudes is better than that of the middle and high latitudes.展开更多
A novel acrylate inimer, 2-（2-chloroacetyloxy） ethyl acrylate, was prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The self-condensing vinyl living ra...A novel acrylate inimer, 2-（2-chloroacetyloxy） ethyl acrylate, was prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The self-condensing vinyl living radical polymerization of the inimer was studied and the hyperbranched macromolecules containing ester linkages on their backbone were prepared. All the polymerization products were characterized by 1H NMR. The polymerization degree and the branching parameter were calculated based on the 1H NMR spectra. It has been shown that this inimer exhibits a very distinctive polymerization behavior. Similar to step-growth polymerization, the polymerization degree of the products formed increased exponentially during the early stage of the polymerization, and then the increasing rate slowed down. However, the inimer remained present throughout the polymerization consistent with conventional free radical polymerization. Also, if much longer polymerization time was used, the polymerization system would become gel due to the crosslinking reaction derived from radical-radical recombination. As a result of the unequal reactivity of -CH2Cl and >CHCl, an almost linear product was obtained at a molar ratio of bipy to inimer=0.05, while a relatively high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 favored the formation of the branched structure. The macromolecules formed at a high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone.展开更多
文摘随着混凝土结构服役年限增长和外部环境导致的混凝土结构损伤,结构将难以达到设计要求,需对既有结构进行修复加固,或采用新型组合结构替换原结构。超高性能混凝土(Ultra High Performance Concrete,UHPC)作为一种超高强度、良好韧性和优异耐久性的水泥基复合材料,将其应用到既有混凝土结构的修复加固中,有望成为良好的解决方案,但两种材料之间可靠的界面粘结是其中的关键。通过对国内外UHPC与水泥基材料界面性能试验和数值模拟研究进展的系统梳理和总结,阐述了两种混凝土材料界面粘结性能试验方法,分析了影响UHPC与水泥基材料组合结构界面粘结性因素,包括基底混凝土表面处理方式、界面剂、UHPC材料性能等,探讨了UHPC界面性能数值模拟中粘结滑移关系及UHPC损伤模型的选择。最后,对UHPC与水泥基材料界面粘结今后的研究方向提出了一些建议,希望能为UHPC在实际修复加固工程中的应用提供指导和帮助。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41105012
文摘To evaluate the ocean surface wind vector and the sea surface temperature obtained from WindSat, we compare these quantities over the time period from January 2004 to December 2013 with moored buoy measurements. The mean bias between the WindSat wind speed and the buoy wind speed is low for the low frequency wind speed product （WSPD_LF）, ranging from -0.07 to 0.08 m/s in different selected areas. The overall RMS error is 0.98 m/s for WSPD_LF, ranging from 0.82 to 1.16 m/s in different selected regions. The wind speed retrieval result in the tropical Ocean is better than that of the coastal and offshore waters of the United States. In addition, the wind speed retrieval accuracy ofWSPD LF is better than that of the medium frequency wind speed product. The crosstalk analysis indicates that the WindSat wind speed retrieval contains some cross influences from the other geophysical parameters, such as sea surface temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water. The mean bias between the WindSat wind direction and the buoy wind direction ranges from -0.46° to 1.19° in different selected regions. The overall RMS error is 19.59° when the wind speed is greater than 6 m/s. Measurements of the tropical ocean region have a better accuracy than those of the US west and east coasts. Very good agreement is obtained between sea surface temperatures of WindSat and buoy measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean; the overall RMS error is only 0.36℃, and the retrieval accuracy of the low latitudes is better than that of the middle and high latitudes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 2 980 40 0 6 ) and the Youth Foundation of Jiangsuprovince(No.BQ980 2 4)
文摘A novel acrylate inimer, 2-（2-chloroacetyloxy） ethyl acrylate, was prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The self-condensing vinyl living radical polymerization of the inimer was studied and the hyperbranched macromolecules containing ester linkages on their backbone were prepared. All the polymerization products were characterized by 1H NMR. The polymerization degree and the branching parameter were calculated based on the 1H NMR spectra. It has been shown that this inimer exhibits a very distinctive polymerization behavior. Similar to step-growth polymerization, the polymerization degree of the products formed increased exponentially during the early stage of the polymerization, and then the increasing rate slowed down. However, the inimer remained present throughout the polymerization consistent with conventional free radical polymerization. Also, if much longer polymerization time was used, the polymerization system would become gel due to the crosslinking reaction derived from radical-radical recombination. As a result of the unequal reactivity of -CH2Cl and >CHCl, an almost linear product was obtained at a molar ratio of bipy to inimer=0.05, while a relatively high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 favored the formation of the branched structure. The macromolecules formed at a high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone.
