以成渝地区双城经济圈内142个区(县、市)为样本,探索三次产业劳动生产率增长与空间均衡过程的一致性.结果表明,无论是国际还是国内横向比较,成渝地区双城经济圈劳动生产率基数均较低,增长空间大.2000-2018年期间三次产业劳动生产率水平...以成渝地区双城经济圈内142个区(县、市)为样本,探索三次产业劳动生产率增长与空间均衡过程的一致性.结果表明,无论是国际还是国内横向比较,成渝地区双城经济圈劳动生产率基数均较低,增长空间大.2000-2018年期间三次产业劳动生产率水平量的σ检验发散,而劳动生产率增速绝对β收敛,且第二、三产业收敛速度高于第一产业.莫兰指数(Moran s I)、空间自相关、空间分布模型验证与绝对β收敛趋于一致,存在空间收敛演进态势.但从三次产业劳动生产率空间格局研判,推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设整体成势的任务艰巨.通过多层级城市集聚、产业转型调高调优产出增速与增值,加速劳动生产率空间集聚与扩散相互交替、相互转化,垫高县域低值生产率,促进空间均衡演化,是改变成渝地区双城经济圈现存发展断陷的前提.一个持续不断的劳动生产率增长与空间均衡的同向、同步是高质量、高效率发展的重要标度.展开更多
This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolatin...This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.展开更多
Using four types of settlements in the upper reach of Minjiang River as case,we establish structural models in farmers' income of different settlement patterns based on rural household panel data to reveal the gra...Using four types of settlements in the upper reach of Minjiang River as case,we establish structural models in farmers' income of different settlement patterns based on rural household panel data to reveal the gradient effect on farmers' income and determinants.The results indicate that:(1) except the resettlement area,the incomes for farmers living in river valley,semi-mountain,and high-mountain settlements present a decreasing trend with the elevation increasing;on the contrary,their nonfarm earnings show an increasing trend with the elevation decreasing;(2) from the effect on farmers' income,there is a common feature that the nonfarm earnings and farming incomes have significant positive effects,and family size and productive expenditure have significant negative effects.One exception to this is the productive expenditure,which becomes insignificant in the model of resettlement area;(3) from the way of increasing farmers' income and alleviating poverty,there are great differences for four types of settlements in mountain areas,however,the improvement of agricultural product sales,agricultural production subsidies,the expansion for nonfarm employment,and the control of the family's size are the most effective approaches for poverty alleviation.展开更多
Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improvi...Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management platform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.展开更多
Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing countries.This study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought a...Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing countries.This study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin(KRB)in Nepal,using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)over the period from 1987 to 2017.The Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SPEI values.The study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study period.Spatially,the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales,especially in summer and winter.The mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in winter.The drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration,intensity,and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after 2000.The Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity,while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought duration.Moreover,the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly(drought station proportion of 7.6%/10 a in August),seasonal(drought station proportion of 7.2%/10 a in summer),and annual(drought station proportion of 6.7%/10 a)scales.The findings of this study can assist local governments,planners,and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.展开更多
目的系统评价失智症老年人综合评估工具的方法学质量和测量学属性,为临床选择最佳评估工具提供依据。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、...目的系统评价失智症老年人综合评估工具的方法学质量和测量学属性,为临床选择最佳评估工具提供依据。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、ProQuest、Ovid及Scopus数据库,收集评价失智症老年人综合评估工具测量学属性的研究,检索时限均为建库至2024年1月4日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选和提取信息,采用达成共识遴选健康测量工具标准(COSMIN)指南对纳入的评估工具进行评价,形成最终推荐意见。结果共纳入14篇文献,包含9个失智症老年人综合评估工具。其中,阿尔茨海默病患者照护需求评估量表具有中等及以上证据证明其内容效度和内部一致性为"充分",故为A类强推荐。其余8个评估工具均为B类推荐。结论现存的失智症老年人综合评估工具中,阿尔茨海默病患者照护需求评估量表具有良好的信效度,该量表共4个维度,16个条目。但该量表在跨文化效度/测量等同性、稳定性、测量误差、假设检验、校标效度、反应度的测量学特性方面存在不确定和未提及。未来需要更多的证据将其进一步全面验证完善,为筛选出更有效、更全面、更高质量的失智症老年人综合评估工具提供基础。展开更多
多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)是恶性程度最高的神经系统肿瘤,中位总生存期为9~15个月。自噬是细胞在相关基因的调控下利用溶酶体降解自身受损的细胞器和大分子的过程,其与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。研究表明[1]...多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)是恶性程度最高的神经系统肿瘤,中位总生存期为9~15个月。自噬是细胞在相关基因的调控下利用溶酶体降解自身受损的细胞器和大分子的过程,其与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。研究表明[1],自噬相关长链非编码RNA(autophagy related long non-coding RNAs,ATLs)是一类新兴的生物标志物,本研究旨在GBM患者中筛选具备预后价值的ATLs,并构建预后模型。展开更多
文摘以成渝地区双城经济圈内142个区(县、市)为样本,探索三次产业劳动生产率增长与空间均衡过程的一致性.结果表明,无论是国际还是国内横向比较,成渝地区双城经济圈劳动生产率基数均较低,增长空间大.2000-2018年期间三次产业劳动生产率水平量的σ检验发散,而劳动生产率增速绝对β收敛,且第二、三产业收敛速度高于第一产业.莫兰指数(Moran s I)、空间自相关、空间分布模型验证与绝对β收敛趋于一致,存在空间收敛演进态势.但从三次产业劳动生产率空间格局研判,推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设整体成势的任务艰巨.通过多层级城市集聚、产业转型调高调优产出增速与增值,加速劳动生产率空间集聚与扩散相互交替、相互转化,垫高县域低值生产率,促进空间均衡演化,是改变成渝地区双城经济圈现存发展断陷的前提.一个持续不断的劳动生产率增长与空间均衡的同向、同步是高质量、高效率发展的重要标度.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No. 2007CB411507 and Grant No.2010CB951704)
文摘This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.
基金Funding was provided for China regional research by the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-06-03)
文摘Using four types of settlements in the upper reach of Minjiang River as case,we establish structural models in farmers' income of different settlement patterns based on rural household panel data to reveal the gradient effect on farmers' income and determinants.The results indicate that:(1) except the resettlement area,the incomes for farmers living in river valley,semi-mountain,and high-mountain settlements present a decreasing trend with the elevation increasing;on the contrary,their nonfarm earnings show an increasing trend with the elevation decreasing;(2) from the effect on farmers' income,there is a common feature that the nonfarm earnings and farming incomes have significant positive effects,and family size and productive expenditure have significant negative effects.One exception to this is the productive expenditure,which becomes insignificant in the model of resettlement area;(3) from the way of increasing farmers' income and alleviating poverty,there are great differences for four types of settlements in mountain areas,however,the improvement of agricultural product sales,agricultural production subsidies,the expansion for nonfarm employment,and the control of the family's size are the most effective approaches for poverty alleviation.
基金supported by the grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2007CB411507)Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science (SKLCS 08-05)
文摘Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management platform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.
基金funded by the CAS(Chinese Academy of Sciences)Overseas Institutions Platform Project(Grant No.131C11KYSB20200033)the NSFC-ICIMOD Joint Research Project(Grant No.41661144038)。
文摘Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing countries.This study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin(KRB)in Nepal,using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)over the period from 1987 to 2017.The Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SPEI values.The study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study period.Spatially,the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales,especially in summer and winter.The mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in winter.The drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration,intensity,and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after 2000.The Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity,while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought duration.Moreover,the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly(drought station proportion of 7.6%/10 a in August),seasonal(drought station proportion of 7.2%/10 a in summer),and annual(drought station proportion of 6.7%/10 a)scales.The findings of this study can assist local governments,planners,and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.
文摘目的系统评价失智症老年人综合评估工具的方法学质量和测量学属性,为临床选择最佳评估工具提供依据。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、ProQuest、Ovid及Scopus数据库,收集评价失智症老年人综合评估工具测量学属性的研究,检索时限均为建库至2024年1月4日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选和提取信息,采用达成共识遴选健康测量工具标准(COSMIN)指南对纳入的评估工具进行评价,形成最终推荐意见。结果共纳入14篇文献,包含9个失智症老年人综合评估工具。其中,阿尔茨海默病患者照护需求评估量表具有中等及以上证据证明其内容效度和内部一致性为"充分",故为A类强推荐。其余8个评估工具均为B类推荐。结论现存的失智症老年人综合评估工具中,阿尔茨海默病患者照护需求评估量表具有良好的信效度,该量表共4个维度,16个条目。但该量表在跨文化效度/测量等同性、稳定性、测量误差、假设检验、校标效度、反应度的测量学特性方面存在不确定和未提及。未来需要更多的证据将其进一步全面验证完善,为筛选出更有效、更全面、更高质量的失智症老年人综合评估工具提供基础。
文摘多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)是恶性程度最高的神经系统肿瘤,中位总生存期为9~15个月。自噬是细胞在相关基因的调控下利用溶酶体降解自身受损的细胞器和大分子的过程,其与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。研究表明[1],自噬相关长链非编码RNA(autophagy related long non-coding RNAs,ATLs)是一类新兴的生物标志物,本研究旨在GBM患者中筛选具备预后价值的ATLs,并构建预后模型。
