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改革开放40年中国绿色增加值演化趋势与结构分解 被引量:12
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作者 范金 万伟 +1 位作者 袁小慧 fatemeh ranaei 《中国人口·资源与环境》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2019年第10期79-89,共11页
改革开放40年不仅是中国经济高速发展史,而且也是中国环境污染和环境治理变迁史:环境污染蔓延和初步治理I阶段(1978—1992年)、环境污染加剧和规模化治理II阶段(1992—2002年)、环境污染恶化和综合治理III阶段(2002—2012年)、环境污染... 改革开放40年不仅是中国经济高速发展史,而且也是中国环境污染和环境治理变迁史:环境污染蔓延和初步治理I阶段(1978—1992年)、环境污染加剧和规模化治理II阶段(1992—2002年)、环境污染恶化和综合治理III阶段(2002—2012年)、环境污染适度控制和生态文明建设IV阶段(2012—2017年)。本文通过构建1978—2017年拓展环境污染的中国非竞争型投入产出表,探讨了中国绿色增加值演化趋势和结构分解问题。主要研究结论:第一,在40年的高速经济增长过程中,污染产生系数总体上呈不断增大趋势,绿色增加值指数也在持续降低;第二,结构分解显示出投资和出口在改革开放40年的经济增长中扮演着关键作用,但伴随带来非常严重的污染问题,尤其是II和III阶段;第三,以煤炭采选业为代表的原材料工业和以石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业等为代表的加工制造业在生产过程中产生的污染并未得到有效和及时治理,这些行业污染治理工作在未来一段时期亟待加强。主要研究启示:一是思想上要把绿色发展作为经济发展的核心理念之一,重视环境污染的治理工作,发展“绿色GDP”,尽可能把环境污染的外部成本纳入到国民经济核算的体系中;二是策略上要转变传统的粗放型高污染经济发展模式,转变投资和出口结构,一方面重点投资发展低污染行业,另一方面促进生产高附加值产品的行业的出口,提高人均绿色GDP;三是重点上要持续关注污染较严重的行业的发展,一方面推进升级改造,提升技术水平,减少污染并加强治理,另一方面降低这些行业在国民经济中的占比,提升环境治理效率。 展开更多
关键词 绿色增加值 非竞争型投入产出表 结构分解 环境治理
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Evolution trends and structural decomposition of China's green value-added over 40 years of reform and opening-up
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作者 Jin Fan Wei Wan +1 位作者 Xiaohui Yuan fatemeh ranaei 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2020年第2期69-78,共10页
China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and struct... China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 Green value-added Non-competitive input-output table Factor decomposition Environmental governance
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