Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work patterns.These changes s...Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work patterns.These changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on biodiversity.However,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these responses.Here,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emergency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework.This framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of 2020-2025.The results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system’s self-adjustment to the new normal.In 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7% on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement measures.Further,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5% in the related pressure on biodiversity.Given the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79% of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84%of the reduction in biodiversity loss on average.Our study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environmental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency event.Further,we recommend the development of more locally based water conservation measures—to mitigate the effects of trade disruptions—and the explicit inclusion of water resources in post-pandemic recovery schemes.In addition,innovations that help conserve natural resources are essential for maintaining environmental gains in the post-pandemic world.展开更多
Using infrared spectrum detective device, we experiment on Neiguan, Laogong and Hegu acupoints of seven adult volunteers as well as contrastive points beside ones. We get 63 infrared spectrums. The experiment outcome ...Using infrared spectrum detective device, we experiment on Neiguan, Laogong and Hegu acupoints of seven adult volunteers as well as contrastive points beside ones. We get 63 infrared spectrums. The experiment outcome tells us that the differences of the intensities among individuals are great, and so are the differences between acupoint and non-acupoint areas. However, the differences of spectral character are small, which indicates that infrared radiations of human body are based on the same biophysical fundament.展开更多
This article explores the mechanisms of acupuncture meridians by determining characteristics of the tissue fluid flow in the connective tissue along meridians. Based on deep dissection of acupoints on the upper and lo...This article explores the mechanisms of acupuncture meridians by determining characteristics of the tissue fluid flow in the connective tissue along meridians. Based on deep dissection of acupoints on the upper and lower limbs of the human body and micro and macro observation and measurement, a mathematical model of the flow of tissue fluid in interosseous membranes is constructed. It is shown that the signal transmission along acupuncture meridians may be determined by unique anatomical and physiological factors that govern the flow of tissue fluid in the connective tissue and involve mast cell degranulation. Our results provide a preliminary explanation of the phenomenon of the ＂de qi＂ sensation and the mechanism of acupuncture signal transmission along acupuncture meridians.展开更多
Somatosensory comfort is mainly determined by the Temperature and Humidity Index(THI)with Wind Efficiency Index(WEI),but this conventional usage of these indicators does not capture the age-related differentials.Here ...Somatosensory comfort is mainly determined by the Temperature and Humidity Index(THI)with Wind Efficiency Index(WEI),but this conventional usage of these indicators does not capture the age-related differentials.Here we resolved this gap with a modification of the climatic comfort definition and method in a national standard,denoted as the Relative Climate Sensitive Index(RCSI),which incorporated the age-related vulnerability scores determined through online questionnaires with a scoring method,for each of the age-related and adaptive climatic comfort responses to changes in residence with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region as an example.First,the result showed that the human comfort of living environment decreased with age in the BTH region,implicating age obviously impacted comfort,and weak adaptability made the elderly the relatively most high-risk group-their suitable region was less than a quarter of the whole study region.Second the adverse effects of persistent hot weather on comfort,indicating global warming as the leading driver of dwindling comfort over recent years.As the warming was more significant in the southeastern part,all these forces combined had there a hotspot,appealing for extra attention.Last this improved evaluation accorded with actual situation to captured high-risk groups with their distributions.展开更多
基金supported by Aalto University and the Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere and Watershed Water SecurityAdditional support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361144001,72304112,72074136,and 72104129)the Key Program of International Cooperation,Bureau of International Cooperation,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(131551KYSB20210030).
文摘Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work patterns.These changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on biodiversity.However,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these responses.Here,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emergency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework.This framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of 2020-2025.The results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system’s self-adjustment to the new normal.In 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7% on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement measures.Further,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5% in the related pressure on biodiversity.Given the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79% of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84%of the reduction in biodiversity loss on average.Our study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environmental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency event.Further,we recommend the development of more locally based water conservation measures—to mitigate the effects of trade disruptions—and the explicit inclusion of water resources in post-pandemic recovery schemes.In addition,innovations that help conserve natural resources are essential for maintaining environmental gains in the post-pandemic world.
基金the Climbing Project(Grant No. 95-19-311), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 39800188 and 39870947), the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai (Grant Nos. 99JC14048, 99ZB14043 and 994119075), the Visiting
文摘Using infrared spectrum detective device, we experiment on Neiguan, Laogong and Hegu acupoints of seven adult volunteers as well as contrastive points beside ones. We get 63 infrared spectrums. The experiment outcome tells us that the differences of the intensities among individuals are great, and so are the differences between acupoint and non-acupoint areas. However, the differences of spectral character are small, which indicates that infrared radiations of human body are based on the same biophysical fundament.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No.2006CB504509)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant Nos.S30304,B112)+3 种基金the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology (Grant Nos.06DZ19732,064319053,07DZ19722 and 08DZ19733000)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.200802461152)the Shanghai Special Program of Construction of Research Platform (Grant Nos.2008DZ1973503,2009DZ1974303)supported by the Fudan Science Foundation for Young (Grant No.09FQ07)
文摘This article explores the mechanisms of acupuncture meridians by determining characteristics of the tissue fluid flow in the connective tissue along meridians. Based on deep dissection of acupoints on the upper and lower limbs of the human body and micro and macro observation and measurement, a mathematical model of the flow of tissue fluid in interosseous membranes is constructed. It is shown that the signal transmission along acupuncture meridians may be determined by unique anatomical and physiological factors that govern the flow of tissue fluid in the connective tissue and involve mast cell degranulation. Our results provide a preliminary explanation of the phenomenon of the ＂de qi＂ sensation and the mechanism of acupuncture signal transmission along acupuncture meridians.
基金This work was funded by the National Key R&D program of China[No.2018YFA0606303].
文摘Somatosensory comfort is mainly determined by the Temperature and Humidity Index(THI)with Wind Efficiency Index(WEI),but this conventional usage of these indicators does not capture the age-related differentials.Here we resolved this gap with a modification of the climatic comfort definition and method in a national standard,denoted as the Relative Climate Sensitive Index(RCSI),which incorporated the age-related vulnerability scores determined through online questionnaires with a scoring method,for each of the age-related and adaptive climatic comfort responses to changes in residence with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region as an example.First,the result showed that the human comfort of living environment decreased with age in the BTH region,implicating age obviously impacted comfort,and weak adaptability made the elderly the relatively most high-risk group-their suitable region was less than a quarter of the whole study region.Second the adverse effects of persistent hot weather on comfort,indicating global warming as the leading driver of dwindling comfort over recent years.As the warming was more significant in the southeastern part,all these forces combined had there a hotspot,appealing for extra attention.Last this improved evaluation accorded with actual situation to captured high-risk groups with their distributions.
