矿物药的理化鉴别与含量测定实验教学改进设计

对本科无机化学教学实验中“矿物药的鉴别”实验进行了改进,选用6种外观难以区分、类白色的矿物药粉末作为实验对象,创新地设计了矿物药鉴别的盲盒实验,并增加了含量测定内容,优化了部分离子的鉴别方法,能够让学生体会无机化学反应在药物鉴别和分析中的现实意义,并强化了本科生灵活运用理化反应原理解决实际问题的能力。

In-situ analysis and genetic investigation of Li-bearing minerals in McDermitt clay-type lithium deposit,Nevada,USA

Clay-type Li deposits are poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the surging global demand for Li.The McDermitt clay-type Li deposit,located in Nevada,is the largest Li deposit in the United States,with Li hosted by a clay-rich sequence of smectite-dominated intervals and illite-dominated intervals,respectively.However,the occurrence of Li and the genesis of Li-bearing minerals within smectite-dominated intervals have not been thoroughly investigated in previous research.Here,we studied the mineralogy,the in-situ Li distribution,and the bonding environments of Li within the smectite intervals using a combination of instru-mental techniques including scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,and nuclear magnetic resonance.Our results indicate that the smectite exhibits low crystallinity characteristics of lacustrine clay authigenesis and is com-monly found tofill the interstices among volcanic minerals or envelop them;Li is mainly hosted by Mg-smectite rather than the volcanic minerals.Within the tuffaceous sediment samples,the volcanic glass has undergone a transformation,resulting in its complete disappearance and alteration into clay minerals.Owing to the octahedral sites of Mg-smectite bounded in Li,it is referred to be hectorite.We interpret that the hectorite’s precipitation occurs in a high saline-alkaline water environment,a result of McDermitt tuffdissolution.This conclusion can be supported by the coexistence of spherulitic calcite and hectorite.Overall,this study confirms hectorite as the main Li-bearing mineral and increases the understanding of the genetic model of hectorite formation in intracontinental caldera basins.

Comparative analysis of thermodynamic and mechanical responses between underground hydrogen storage and compressed air energy storage in lined rock caverns

Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to compare the properties of hydrogen and air with typical thermodynamic storage processes.This study employs a multi-physical coupling model to compare the operations of CAES and UHS,integrating gas thermodynamics within caverns,thermal conduction,and mechanical deformation around rock caverns.Gas thermodynamic responses are validated using additional simulations and the field test data.Temperature and pressure variations of air and hydrogen within rock caverns exhibit similarities under both adiabatic and diabatic simulation modes.Hydrogen reaches higher temperature and pressure following gas charging stage compared to air,and the ideal gas assumption may lead to overestimation of gas temperature and pressure.Unlike steel lining of CAES,the sealing layer(fibre-reinforced plastic FRP)in UHS is prone to deformation but can effectively mitigates stress in the sealing layer.In CAES,the first principal stress on the surface of the sealing layer and concrete lining is tensile stress,whereas UHS exhibits compressive stress in the same areas.Our present research can provide references for the selection of energy storage methods.

Hybrid hard carbon framework derived from polystyrene bearing distinct molecular crosslinking for enhanced sodium storage

Exploiting high-performance yet low-cost hard carbon anodes is crucial to advancing the state-of-the-art sodium-ion batteries.However,the achievement of superior initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and high Na-storage capacity via low-temperature carbonization remains challenging due to the presence of tremendous defects with few closed pores.Here,a facile hybrid carbon framework design is proposed from the polystyrene precursor bearing distinct molecular bridges at a low pyrolysis temperature of 800℃ via in situ fusion and embedding strategy.This is realized by integrating triazine-and carbonylcrosslinked polystyrene nanospheres during carbonization.The triazine crosslinking allows in situ fusion of spheres into layered carbon with low defects and abundant closed pores,which serves as a matrix for embedding the well-retained carbon spheres with nanopores/defects derived from carbonyl crosslinking.Therefore,the hybrid hard carbon with intimate interface showcases synergistic Na ions storage behavior,showing an ICE of 70.2%,a high capacity of 279.3 mAh g^(-1),and long-term 500 cycles,superior to carbons from the respective precursor and other reported carbons fabricated under the low carbonization temperature.The present protocol opens new avenues toward low-cost hard carbon anode materials for high-performance sodiumion batteries.

Elimination of GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2 and CIITA genes in pigs compromises human versus pig xenogeneic immune reactions

Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion.

Seeing at a distance with multicore fibers

Images and videos provide a wealth of information for people in production and life.Although most digital information is transmitted via optical fiber,the image acquisition and transmission processes still rely heavily on electronic circuits.The development of all-optical transmission networks and optical computing frameworks has pointed to the direction for the next generation of data transmission and information processing.Here,we propose a high-speed,low-cost,multiplexed parallel and one-piece all-fiber architecture for image acquisition,encoding,and transmission,called the Multicore Fiber Acquisition and Transmission Image System(MFAT).Based on different spatial and modal channels of the multicore fiber,fiber-coupled self-encoding,and digital aperture decoding technology,scenes can be observed directly from up to 1 km away.The expansion of capacity provides the possibility of parallel coded transmission of multimodal high-quality data.MFAT requires no additional signal transmitting and receiving equipment.The all-fiber processing saves the time traditionally spent on signal conversion and image pre-processing(compression,encoding,and modulation).Additionally,it provides an effective solution for 2D information acquisition and transmission tasks in extreme environments such as high temperatures and electromagnetic interference.

Thiosulfate oxidation and autotrophy potential by marine prevalent heterotrophic bacteria of genus Marinobacter

The genus Marinobacter is very broadly distributed in global environments and is considered as aerobic heterotroph.In this study,six Marinobacter strains were identified with autotrophic thiosulfate oxidation capacity.These strains,namely Marinobacter guineae M3B^(T),Marinobacter aromaticivorans D15-8PT,Marinobacter vulgaris F01^(T),Marinobacter profundi PWS21^(T),Marinobacter denitrificans JB02H27T,and Marinobacter sp.ST-1M(with a 99.93%similarity to the 16S rDNA sequences of Marinobacter salsuginis SD-14B^(T)),were screened out of 32 Marinobacter strains by autotrophic thiosulfate oxidization medium.The population of cells grew in a chemolithotrophic medium,increasing from 105 cells/mL to 10^(7) cells/mL within 5 d.This growth was accompanied by the consumption of thiosulfate 3.59 mmol/L to 9.64 mmol/L and the accumulation of sulfate up to 0.96 mmol/L,and occasionally produced sulfur containing complex particles.Among these Marinobacter strains,it was also found their capability of oxidizing thiosulfate to sulfate in a heterotrophic medium.Notably,M.vulgaris F01^(T)and M.antarcticus ZS2-30^(T)showed highly significant production of sulfate at 9.45 mmol/L and 3.10 mmol/L.Genome annotation indicated that these Marinobacter strains possess a complete Sox cluster for thiosulfate oxidation.Further phylogenetic analysis of the soxB gene revealed that six Marinobacter strains formed a separate lineage within Gammaproteobacteria and close to obligate chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrorhabdus arctica.The results indicated that thiosulfate oxidizing and chemolithoautotrophic potential in Marinobacter genus,which may contribute to the widespread of Marinobacter in the global ocean.

Burden of gastrointestinal cancers among working-age population over past thirty years in China

BACKGROUND Although gastrointestinal(GI)cancers have been becoming a great public health concern in China,there is currently a lack of comprehensive literature on the overall burden and changing trends of GI cancers in the working-age population.AIM To assess the burden of GI cancers and to examine the overall,age-and genderspecific trends among the working-age population in China from 1990 to 2019.METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The burden of GI cancers was indicated by incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate,and age-standardized DALYs rate.Trends in the burden of GI cancers from 1990 to 2019 were examined using annual percent change and average annual percent change with Joinpoint regression models.RESULTS For overall GI cancers,a declining trend was observed in the ASIR,age-standardized mortality rate,and agestandardized DALYs rate,with reductions of 0.74%,2.23%,and 2.22%,respectively,from 1999 to 2019 in the Chinese working-age population.However,an increasing trend was observed in the ASIR for overall GI cancers from 2016-2019.The number of either incident cases,mortality cases,and DALYs was higher for colon/rectum cancer and liver cancer in younger participants but lower for esophageal,gallbladder,biliary tract,pancreatic,and stomach cancer among older subjects.Moreover,sex disparity in the GI cancers burden was also examined over 30 years.CONCLUSION The total burden of GI cancers remained heavy among the working-age population in China,although declining trends were observed from 1999 to 2019.Disparities in the GI cancers burden existed between sexes,age groups,and cancer types.Population-based precision prevention strategies are needed to tackle GI cancers among working-age individuals,considering the age,sex,and cancer type disparities in China.

MH-STRALP:A scoring system for prognostication in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)is a common medical emergency and early assessment of its outcomes is vital for treatment decisions.AIM To develop a new scoring system to predict its prognosis.METHODS In this retrospective study,692 patients with UGIB were enrolled from two cen-ters and divided into a training(n=591)and a validation cohort(n=101).The clinical data were collected to develop new prognostic prediction models.The en-dpoint was compound outcome defined as(1)demand for emergency surgery or vascular intervention,(2)being transferred to the intensive care unit,or(3)death during hos-pitalization.The models’predictive ability was compared with previously esta-blished scores by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS Totally 22.2%(131/591)patients in the training cohort and 22.8%(23/101)in the validation cohort presented poor outcomes.Based on the stepwise-forward Lo-gistic regression analysis,eight predictors were integrated to determine a new post-endoscopic prognostic scoring system(MH-STRALP);a nomogram was de-termined to present the model.Compared with the previous scores(GBS,Rock-all,ABC,AIMS65,and PNED score),MH-STRALP showed the best prognostic prediction ability with area under the ROC curves(AUROCs)of 0.899 and 0.826 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.According to the calibration cur-ve,decision curve analysis,and internal cross-validation,the nomogram showed good calibration ability and net clinical benefit in both cohorts.After removing the endoscopic indicators,the pre-endoscopic model(pre-MH-STRALP score)was conducted.Similarly,the pre-MHSTRALP score showed better predictive value(AUROCs of 0.868 and 0.767 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively)than the other pre-endoscopic scores.CONCLUSION The MH-STRALP score and pre-MH-STRALP score are simple,convenient,and accurate tools for prognosis prediction of UGIB,and may be applied for early decision on its management strategies.

Optical scanning endoscope via a single multimode optical fiber

Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and treatment.Optical fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility,compact structure,excellent resolution,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Over the past decade,endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber(MMF)have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging capabilities.In comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes,the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast,broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios,and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging modalities.In this review,various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are introduced.The advancements in imaging performance enhancements,integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes,and applications are summarized.Challenges specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed,and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.

大型仪器分析实验教学的困境及虚拟仿真技术的应用

仪器分析实验是仪器分析类课程的重要实践环节,是高校培养高素质实践型人才的重要途径。然而,受制于仪器价格、运行维护成本、实验周期等因素,大型仪器分析实验教学面临困境。虚拟仿真技术是助力大型仪器分析实验教学走出困境的有效工具。本文探讨了大型仪器分析实验教学所面临的困境,并对虚拟仿真技术在大型仪器分析实验教学中的应用进行了总结和分析。

斜视术后的眼表评价

目的:探讨斜视手术后患者的眼表情况。方法:选取2015-05/2016-10我院住院治疗的斜视患者188例240眼,按手术切口不同分为3组:A组85例100眼行角膜缘切口;B组35例50眼行跨肌止端切口;C组68例90眼行近穹窿切口(包括Parks切口及改良的Parks切口)。行单条眼外肌手术者75眼,行2条眼外肌手术者110眼,行3条眼外肌手术者55眼。采用眼表综合分析仪分别于术前1d,术后1d,1、2、4wk检测非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(first noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time,NIKBUTf)和泪河高度(tear meniscus height,TMH)并进行统计分析。结果:与术前1d比较,各不同切口组术后1d TMH均明显增高,NIKBUTf均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术后2wk时NIKBUTf恢复至术前水平,B、C组术后1wk时恢复至术前水平。A、B组术后2wk时TMH恢复至术前水平,C组术后1wk时恢复至术前水平。单条肌肉眼外肌手术者术后1wk TMH和NIKBUTf恢复至术前1d水平,行2条和3条肌肉手术者术后2wk时各指标恢复至术前水平。结论:手术切口选择和手术累及的肌肉条数都会影响斜视患者术后眼表健康情况;选择近穹窿切口行斜视手术恢复较快;斜视手术中所累积肌肉数越少,对眼表的影响越小。

真菌共培养强化柚苷酶生产的工艺优化

共培养技术作为一种新型发酵策略,能够有效提高目标产物产量,在生化、制药和食品工业具有很好的应用前景。研究采用平板透明圈法对产酶菌种进行筛选,进一步考察各发酵参数对真菌共培养液态发酵产柚苷酶过程的影响。结果表明,黑曲霉FFCC uv-11与根霉FFCC 3201为较适宜的菌种组合,当接种时间间隔为36 h,接种量为10%,接种比例为2:1,发酵初始pH为5.5,共培养发酵时间为72 h时,柚苷酶活力最大可达733.19 U·m L^(-1),是未优化条件下柚苷酶酶活的2.22倍。研究为进一步探索柚苷酶共培养发酵过程、提高柚苷酶酶活提供了基础数据,同时对推动柚苷酶工业化进程具有重要意义。

电针治疗对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的作用研究进展

阿尔茨海默病是一种起病隐匿的神经变性疾病,而电针是治疗阿尔茨海默病的一种途径。对近年来电针治疗阿尔茨海默病小鼠的实验研究进行总结,以期为进一步探究电针治疗阿尔茨海默病的发病机制提供借鉴。

3种干燥方法对壳聚糖微球支架物理性能和载药性能的影响

目的研究干燥方法对壳聚糖微球支架物理性能和载药性能的影响。方法首先用凝集沉淀法制备湿润的壳聚糖微球,然后选用自然干燥法、慢速冻干法、快速冻干法进行干燥,检测微球的物理性能。最后以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,检测药物在壳聚糖微球中的包封率和释放曲线。结果与冻干微球比较,自然干燥微球的直径小,孔隙率低,溶胀小,降解慢。冻干温度也能够对支架的性能产生明显影响;与慢速冻干微球比较,快速冻干微球的直径更大,孔隙率更高,比表面积更大。载药实验表明自然干燥微球的包封率最低,释放速度最慢;快速冻干微球的包封率较高,释放速度最快,但存在最明显的突释效应;慢速冻干微球包封率与快速冻干微球类似,释放速度居中。结论干燥方法会影响支架的物理性能,进一步影响BSA的装载和释放。

磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷

在磁性Fe3O4外包覆一层SiO2,再在其外包裹壳聚糖制备出磁性硅基壳聚糖微球（MSC）,对MSC进行环氧基修饰后用于柚苷酶的固定化研究,并对磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的pH、温度、操作和储藏稳定性进行了考察。通过单因素实验,确定了环氧基修饰的磁性硅基壳聚糖微球（MSCE）固定化柚苷酶的最佳工艺条件为：pH 3.0,温度30℃,时间4 h、给酶量57.48 U/mL。在该条件下,MSCE固定化柚苷酶的载酶率、酶活回收率和酶比活力分别为31.29%、88.92%和409.33 U/g。与游离柚苷酶相比,MSCE固定化柚苷酶用于水解柚皮苷具有良好的pH稳定性和温度稳定性,重复使用7次后仍具有53.36%的相对酶活力,4℃条件贮存30 d后仍具有80.97%的相对酶活力。

食管上段胃黏膜异位内镜下合并症的研究

目的研究食管上段胃黏膜异位(HGMUE)的内镜检出率、内镜下表现和合并症。方法回顾性研究2019年1月-2020年6月该院消化内镜中心经电子食管胃镜检查且诊断为HGMUE的患者资料。分析HGMUE的检出率、内镜下表现和合并症。结果 51 326例接受胃镜检查的患者中,375例诊断为HGMUE,检出率为0.73%。内镜下主要表现为玫瑰色-橘红色的天鹅绒样斑块,与周围食管黏膜界限清楚,可有多个,且大小不一。内镜下合并症包括:内镜阳性的胃食管反流病75例(20.00%),其中反流性食管炎44例(11.73%)、Barrett食管26例(6.93%)、两者合并存在5例(1.13%);糜烂性胃炎56例(14.93%);息肉54例(14.40%),其中胃息肉47例(12.53%)、十二指肠球部息肉7例(1.87%);消化性溃疡42例(11.20%),其中十二指肠球部溃疡21例(5.60%)、胃溃疡17例(4.53%)、两者合并存在4例(1.07%);恶性肿瘤9例(2.40%),其中胃癌3例(0.80%)、食管癌6例(1.60%),无合并症的HGMUE 139例(37.06%)。结论HGMUE合并酸相关性疾病较为常见;合并上消化道恶性肿瘤尤其是食管恶性肿瘤的占比较高,这可能是上消化道肿瘤的预警因子之一,应予以重视。

柑橘果渣发酵产柚苷酶的工艺优化及固定化研究

柑橘果渣废弃物中含有丰富的生物活性成分、膳食纤维、维生素和微量元素等,对其进行资源化利用具有重要意义。该研究以柑橘果渣为底物,进行柚苷酶的发酵生产工艺优化。结果表明,当果渣与水以质量比1∶8、以5.5 g/L麸皮粉为碳源、(NH 4)2SO 4与酵母浸粉(质量比为7∶3)为氮源时,柚苷酶发酵酶活力可达1180.15 U/mL,是未优化条件下柚苷酶酶活力的15.3倍。进一步以叔丁醇为沉淀剂、戊二醛为双功能交联剂,在4℃条件下交联1.5 h,制备出无载体固定化酶——交联柚苷酶聚集体,其不但具有较好的pH和温度稳定性,且酶活回收率可达73.0%以上。

黑曲霉固态发酵生产柚苷酶的工艺研究

将柚柑类水果果皮充当碳源作为发酵原料,采用固态发酵黑曲霉产柚苷酶进行研究,探究了接种量、固液比、诱导剂与疏松剂比例、氮源种类及浓度等不同的固态培养基条件对黑曲霉发酵柚苷酶酶活力的影响,进一步设计了4因素3水平L9(34)正交试验,来确定黑曲霉发酵产柚苷酶的最佳条件。通过单因素实验得出最佳固态发酵参数:接种量为10%(v/v),固液比为1∶2.5,诱导剂与疏松剂的比例为3∶2.5,最佳氮源为(NH4)2SO4。采用正交实验法测定不同因素对黑曲霉固态发酵产柚苷酶的影响,结果表明各因素影响效果为接种量>固液比>氮源浓度>诱导剂与疏松剂的比例,得到最佳发酵工艺参数为接种量为10%(v/v),固液比为1∶2.5,橙皮粉加入量为3.0 g,麸皮加入量为2.5 g,(NH4)2SO4的加入量为0.5 g/瓶,得到最大酶活力为18697.49 U/g。

腔镜下经口腔前庭与全乳晕入路甲状腺手术的倾向得分匹配分析

目的比较经口腔前庭入路与全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术的短期临床结局,初步探讨经口腔前庭入路甲状腺手术的安全性。方法收集2018年3月-2020年3月于南方医科大学附属中山市博爱医院接受经口腔前庭(n=50)和全乳晕入路(n=101)腔镜甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,经1∶1倾向评分匹配后,得到50对匹配的配对,比较两组患者临床结局。结果经口腔前庭组建腔时长[(39.9±10.0)和(32.7±7.2)min,P<0.01]和手术时间[(194.3±32.4)和(159.3±33.7)min,P<0.01]明显较经全乳晕入路组长,首日引流量明显较经全乳晕入路组少[(50.8±22.7)和(64.8±34.8)mL,P=0.019],总费用较经乳晕入路组高[(23626.5±5217.6)和(17879.7±3534.7)元,P<0.05]。两组患者术中出血量、总引流量、引流管留置时长、术后住院时长和术后并发症发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尽管经口腔前庭入路的甲状腺手术时间较经全乳晕入路长,且费用更高,但在手术并发症及住院时长方面并无明显差异。对美容有特殊要求的患者来说,经口腔前庭入路甲状腺手术是一种安全的选择。