膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作...膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。展开更多
The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were t...The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were to analyze yield stability and adaptability of proso millets and to evaluate the discrimination and representativeness of locations by analysis of vari- ance (ANOVA) and genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot methods. Grain yields of proso millet genotypes were significantly influenced by environment (E), genotype (G) and their interaction (GxE) (P〈0.1%). GxE inter- action effect was six times higher than G effect in non-waxy group and seven times in waxy group. N04-339 in non-waxy and Neimi 6 (NM6) in waxy showed higher grain yields and stability compared with other genotypes. Also, Neimi 9 (NM9, a non-waxy cultivar) and 90322-2-33 (a waxy cultivar) showed higher adaptability in 7 and in 11 locations, respectively. For non-waxy, Dalat, Inner Mongolia (E2) and Wuzhai, Shanxi (E5) were the best sites among all the locations for maximizing the variance among candidate cultivars, and Yanchi, Ningxia (El0) had the best representativeness. Wuzhai, Shanxi (e9) and Yanchi, Ningxia (e14) were the best representative locations, and Baicheng, Jilin (e2) was better discriminating location than others for waxy genotypes. Based on our results, El0 and e14 have enhanced efficiency and accuracy for non-waxy genotypes and waxy genotypes selection, respectively in national regional test of proso millet varieties.展开更多
Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as m...Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage. These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage. Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest. Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection. Correlations between all traits were also analyzed. Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index(H′) of hull color was the highest(1.588) followed by the H′ of inflorescence density(0.984). However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower. The H′ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content(2.092), 1 000-seed weight(2.073), top3 leaves area(2.070), main stem diameter(2.056), and plant height(2.052). Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900. After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components. Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened. Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits. In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.展开更多
The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed t...The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll (Chl.), soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr) and stomatal conductance (G) of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, Pn, and Tr and Gs, and negatively associated with their leaf Ci. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)with high drought resistance,is grown widely in arid and semi-arid regions of the world,and it is a new model plant for genetic and molecular studies.To uncover the molecular mechanis...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)with high drought resistance,is grown widely in arid and semi-arid regions of the world,and it is a new model plant for genetic and molecular studies.To uncover the molecular mechanisms of stress-tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet,physiological analyses combined with transcriptional profiling were conducted using a time-course analysis on two foxtail millet genotypes Damaomao(DM)and Hongnian(HN).The genotype DM performed better than HN under water deficiency,with more moderate relative water content(RWC)and chlorophyll decline.Further physiological and RNA-seq investigations revealed that the two genotypes possessed high conservatism in some vital biological pathways which respond to drought stress,involving hormone synthesis,proline,and soluble sugar synthesis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism.However,some genes related to these pathways showed different expression profiles.Likewise,the lower malondialdehyde(MDA)content in HN than DM may be explained by the observation that HN contained more activated genes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle using KEGG pathway analysis.Overall,abscisic acid(ABA)response genes,ROS scavengers which were probably involved in signaling responses,a set of enzymes involved in proline and soluble sugar synthesis,channel protein genes,and transcription factors,encompassed the early strategy of foxtail millet response to drought.These findings provide a comprehensive molecular view of how different foxtail millet genotypes respond to short-term osmotic stress.展开更多
Covered smut, which is caused by Ustilago hordei(Pers.) Lagerh., is one of the most damaging diseases of highland barley(Hordeum vulgare Linn. var. nudum Hook. f) in Tibetan areas of China. To understand the molec...Covered smut, which is caused by Ustilago hordei(Pers.) Lagerh., is one of the most damaging diseases of highland barley(Hordeum vulgare Linn. var. nudum Hook. f) in Tibetan areas of China. To understand the molecular diversity of U. hordei, a total of 27 isolates, which were collected from highland barley plants from Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu provinces/autonomous region, were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Among the 100 RAPD primers used, 24 primers exhibited polymorphism. A total of 111 fragments were amplified, of which 103 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate of 92.79%. The average observed number of alleles(Na), effective number of alleles(Ne), Nei's genetic diversity(H), Shannon's information index(I) and polymorphism information content(PIC) value in the RAPD markers were 1.9279, 1.5016, 0.2974, 0.4503 and 0.6428, respectively. For the SSR markers, 40 of the 111 primer pairs exhibited polymorphism and provided a total of 119 bands, of which 109 were polymorphic and accounted for 91.60% of the total bands. The Na, Ne, H, I and PIC values of the SSR markers were 1.9160, 1.4639, 0.2757, 0.4211 and 0.4340, respectively. The similarity coefficients ranged from 0.4957 to 0.9261 with an average of 0.7028 among all the 27 isolates used. The dendrogram, which was developed based on the RAPD and SSR combined marker dataset showed that the 27 U. hordei isolates were divided into 3 clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.7314. We determined that RAPD and SSR markers can be successfully used to assess the genetic variation among U. hordei isolates. The RAPD markers revealed higher levels of genetic polymorphism than did the SSR markers in this study. There existed a moderate genetic difference among isolates. The molecular variation and differentiation was somewhat associated with geographical origin but not for all of the isolates.展开更多
文摘膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。
基金funded by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2014BAD07B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (LBH-Z14177)the project of Education Department in Heilongjiang Province, China (12541599)the China Agricultural Research System (CARS07-13.5-A9)
文摘The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were to analyze yield stability and adaptability of proso millets and to evaluate the discrimination and representativeness of locations by analysis of vari- ance (ANOVA) and genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot methods. Grain yields of proso millet genotypes were significantly influenced by environment (E), genotype (G) and their interaction (GxE) (P〈0.1%). GxE inter- action effect was six times higher than G effect in non-waxy group and seven times in waxy group. N04-339 in non-waxy and Neimi 6 (NM6) in waxy showed higher grain yields and stability compared with other genotypes. Also, Neimi 9 (NM9, a non-waxy cultivar) and 90322-2-33 (a waxy cultivar) showed higher adaptability in 7 and in 11 locations, respectively. For non-waxy, Dalat, Inner Mongolia (E2) and Wuzhai, Shanxi (E5) were the best sites among all the locations for maximizing the variance among candidate cultivars, and Yanchi, Ningxia (El0) had the best representativeness. Wuzhai, Shanxi (e9) and Yanchi, Ningxia (e14) were the best representative locations, and Baicheng, Jilin (e2) was better discriminating location than others for waxy genotypes. Based on our results, El0 and e14 have enhanced efficiency and accuracy for non-waxy genotypes and waxy genotypes selection, respectively in national regional test of proso millet varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371529)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-A26)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2014BAD07B03)
文摘Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage. These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage. Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest. Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection. Correlations between all traits were also analyzed. Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index(H′) of hull color was the highest(1.588) followed by the H′ of inflorescence density(0.984). However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower. The H′ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content(2.092), 1 000-seed weight(2.073), top3 leaves area(2.070), main stem diameter(2.056), and plant height(2.052). Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900. After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components. Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened. Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits. In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903007)the Cyrus Tang Specific Plant Genetics and Breeding Program of the Northwest A&F University, China (No. 50)
文摘The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll (Chl.), soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr) and stomatal conductance (G) of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, Pn, and Tr and Gs, and negatively associated with their leaf Ci. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-06-13.5-A26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529)the Minor Grain Crops Research and Development System of Shaanxi Province, China (2014–2017)
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)with high drought resistance,is grown widely in arid and semi-arid regions of the world,and it is a new model plant for genetic and molecular studies.To uncover the molecular mechanisms of stress-tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet,physiological analyses combined with transcriptional profiling were conducted using a time-course analysis on two foxtail millet genotypes Damaomao(DM)and Hongnian(HN).The genotype DM performed better than HN under water deficiency,with more moderate relative water content(RWC)and chlorophyll decline.Further physiological and RNA-seq investigations revealed that the two genotypes possessed high conservatism in some vital biological pathways which respond to drought stress,involving hormone synthesis,proline,and soluble sugar synthesis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism.However,some genes related to these pathways showed different expression profiles.Likewise,the lower malondialdehyde(MDA)content in HN than DM may be explained by the observation that HN contained more activated genes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle using KEGG pathway analysis.Overall,abscisic acid(ABA)response genes,ROS scavengers which were probably involved in signaling responses,a set of enzymes involved in proline and soluble sugar synthesis,channel protein genes,and transcription factors,encompassed the early strategy of foxtail millet response to drought.These findings provide a comprehensive molecular view of how different foxtail millet genotypes respond to short-term osmotic stress.
基金sponsored by the National Millet Crops Research and Development System, China (CARS-0712.5-A9)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China, (2014BAD07B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (313 71529)
文摘Covered smut, which is caused by Ustilago hordei(Pers.) Lagerh., is one of the most damaging diseases of highland barley(Hordeum vulgare Linn. var. nudum Hook. f) in Tibetan areas of China. To understand the molecular diversity of U. hordei, a total of 27 isolates, which were collected from highland barley plants from Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu provinces/autonomous region, were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Among the 100 RAPD primers used, 24 primers exhibited polymorphism. A total of 111 fragments were amplified, of which 103 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate of 92.79%. The average observed number of alleles(Na), effective number of alleles(Ne), Nei's genetic diversity(H), Shannon's information index(I) and polymorphism information content(PIC) value in the RAPD markers were 1.9279, 1.5016, 0.2974, 0.4503 and 0.6428, respectively. For the SSR markers, 40 of the 111 primer pairs exhibited polymorphism and provided a total of 119 bands, of which 109 were polymorphic and accounted for 91.60% of the total bands. The Na, Ne, H, I and PIC values of the SSR markers were 1.9160, 1.4639, 0.2757, 0.4211 and 0.4340, respectively. The similarity coefficients ranged from 0.4957 to 0.9261 with an average of 0.7028 among all the 27 isolates used. The dendrogram, which was developed based on the RAPD and SSR combined marker dataset showed that the 27 U. hordei isolates were divided into 3 clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.7314. We determined that RAPD and SSR markers can be successfully used to assess the genetic variation among U. hordei isolates. The RAPD markers revealed higher levels of genetic polymorphism than did the SSR markers in this study. There existed a moderate genetic difference among isolates. The molecular variation and differentiation was somewhat associated with geographical origin but not for all of the isolates.