同域两种竹蝗成虫形态学及生物学特性比较

[目的]为比较同域混合发生的两种竹蝗属昆虫,即黄脊竹蝗与青脊竹蝗形态学与生物学之间的异同点。[方法]采自同一地理区域的两种竹蝗的成虫,在大棚内饲养,对其形态特征:体长、触角、后足股节、头幅、外生殖器等,及生活习性:活动规律、交尾习性、寄主植物取食习性等进行观察记录和统计分析。[结果]结果表明,黄脊竹蝗雌成虫体长36.55±1.42 mm,触角23.46±1.29 mm,后足股节21.68±0.28mm,头幅5.33±0.2 mm;雄成虫体长31.35±0.75 mm,触角23.22±0.9 mm,后足股节17.86±0.23mm,头幅4.08±0.19 mm。青脊竹蝗雌成虫体长34.63±0.44 mm,触角18.34±0.56 mm,后足股节18.67±1.62 mm,头幅4.61±0.18 mm;雄成虫体长26.82±2.77 mm,触角17.75±1.58 mm,后足股节16.09±0.47 mm,头幅3.5±0.29 mm。同种竹蝗间雌雄成虫体长差异显著,两种竹蝗比较时雌雄体长、触角、后足股节以及头幅差异显著,雌性成虫的体长变化趋势相似,雌雄外生殖器结构相似。黄脊竹蝗交尾高峰期为14:00—17:00时,青脊竹蝗交尾高峰期为9:00—12:00时。两种竹蝗成虫在面对3种不同的寄主植物时表现出相同的取食偏好,均是最喜食毛竹,其次是芭蕉,最后是无芒雀麦,但青脊竹蝗的取食量大于黄脊竹蝗。[结论]两种竹蝗形态和生物学习性表现出的相似性和差异性是两种竹蝗能够同域发生的基础,研究结果为监测和防控两种竹蝗提供了一定的基础信息支持。

黄脊竹蝗胚胎发育与卵滞育发生阶段

[目的]探明黄脊竹蝗的胚胎发育特征、历期和卵滞育的发生阶段。[方法]采用体式显微镜观察黄脊竹蝗不同发育阶段的胚胎形态和发育历期,并对不同发育阶段蝗卵的含水量和胚胎长度、触角长度、头幅大小进行测定。[结果]在25℃恒温条件下,黄脊竹蝗的胚胎发育分为10个阶段,产卵后第2—5 d为第I阶段,第6—9 d为第Ⅱ阶段,第10—16 d为第Ⅲ阶段,第17—24 d为第IV阶段,第25—32 d为第V阶段,第33—75 d为第VI阶段,第76—85 d为第VII阶段,第86—92 d为第Ⅷ阶段,第93—100 d为第Ⅸ阶段,第101—109 d为第X阶段。胚胎发育可分为4个发育时期:第Ⅰ阶段和第Ⅱ阶段为胚胎起始发育期,第Ⅲ阶段和第Ⅳ阶段为胚胎的快速发育期,第Ⅴ—Ⅶ阶段为缓慢发育期,第Ⅷ—Ⅹ阶段为恢复发育期。产卵后第45 d之后卵粒进入滞育发育,卵滞育发生在第VI阶段。[结论]本研究明确了黄脊竹蝗胚胎发育历期及卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段,为明晰黄脊竹蝗卵滞育机制提供了基础信息。

Presence of Antibodies to Heat Stress Proteins and its Possible Significance in Workers Exposed to High Temperature and Carbon Monoxide

Antibodies to the ubiquitous group of stress proteins known as heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be associated with a number of diseases in humans. Hsps are known to be induced by certain xenobiotics, some of which are common in the working environment. The biological significance of the presence of such autoantibodies is presently unclear. In the present study, we used immunoblotting to investigate the presence of antibodies against the different stress proteins, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp71, Hse (heat shock cognate ) 73 and Hsp89a and D in groups of workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. These data were related to a detailed clinical evaluation and to various laboratory measurements including electrocardiogram (ECG), B echogram, white blood cell counts and typing, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymphocyte DNA damage. Antibodies to Hsp27 and Hsp71 were found more frequently in the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups than in controls (P (0.05 ). The carbon monoxide-exposed group showed the highest incidence of anti-Hsp antibodies. Anti-Hsp60 antibodies were only detected in workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. The percentage of workers with abnormal ECG, B echogram changes and displaying hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg ) was higher in the carbon monoxide group than in the control group (P＜0.05 ).There was a significant inerease in the activity of ALT in the high temperature and carbon monoxide groups and in the activities of ACP and ALP in the carbon monoxide group (P＜0.05 ). The extent of DNA damage measured in lymphoeytes was higher in workers from the high temperature and carbon monoxide-cxposed groups. We suggest that the increased frequeney of antibodies to Hsps is the result of these damages, of the release of denatured Hsps and of a decrease in the phagocytic ability of macrophages in these workers. The data gathered in the present study show a statistical relation between the occurrence of antibodies against Hsps and the frequency of health problems in workers and suggest a potential role for the antibodies as useful biomarkers to assess whether workers are experieneing environmental stress