盐胁迫和温度对桑树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以16年生桑树种子为试验材料,研究了不同NaCl浓度和温度对种子萌发、幼苗生长及根系生长的影响。结果表明:随盐浓度增加,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗干质量、根干质量和根冠比、根长和根表面积降低,平均发芽时间和根平均直径增加。随温度的上升,发芽率和发芽指数逐渐升高,平均发芽时间变小,但幼苗生物量、根系生物量、根冠比、根长和根表面积都是先增加再降低,30℃时最大。NaCl浓度和温度在平均发芽时间、根系生物量和根冠比上有着显著的交互作用,适度的高温缓解了桑树种子萌发时的盐胁迫程度。幼苗生物量与根系生物量、根冠比、根长和根表面积成极显著正相关,根系生长是反应幼苗受胁迫的敏感指标。

水分胁迫和种子大小对侧柏种子萌发的影响

以山东省石灰岩山地侧柏人工林的种子为材料,研究水分胁迫和种子大小对其萌发的影响。结果表明:随聚乙二醇(PEG)浓度增加,发芽率(Gr)、发芽指数(Gi)和活力指数(Vi)显著降低,平均发芽时间(MGT)显著增加,20%PEG处理的种子发芽率为0。种子休眠率随PEG浓度增加显著增加,死亡率是先降低再增加。胚芽长(GL)、胚根长(RAL)、胚芽/胚根、根长(RL)、根表面积(RSA)和根体积(RV)随PEG浓度增加显著降低。大种子比小种子有着低的死亡率,高的Gr、RAL和RV。PEG浓度和种子大小在发芽率、死亡率、Gi、Vi、GL、RAL、胚芽/胚根、RV有着明显的交互作用。PEG浓度越低,大种子的上述指标优势越大。GL和RAL与Gr、Vi、Gi成显著正相关,与MGT成显著负相关;与RL、RSA、RV成显著正相关。因此,水分胁迫和种子大小是侧柏人工林种子萌发的重要限制因素。

Method of Teaching Swimming in Deep Pool

To meet the need of teaching swimming in deep pool, the study designed a set of teaching method, by which beginners cou1d learn breast stroke and swim up to 5O meters in deep water. The newly designed method put emphasis on intensified technical drill on land and aJso included simplified procedure of getting familar with the characteristics of water, improved sequence of coordination, use of floats as aids, and adoptation of collective teaching form. The method has been proved to be safe, more effective with less teaching hours and uniform progreess, and consistent to the mental and physiological characteristics of beginners.