目的探究以游戏为基础促进交流与行为的干预(play-based communication and behavior intervention,PCBI)对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)幼儿内向性和外向性行为的影响。方法2018年11月至2021年11月,选取90例在南京医...目的探究以游戏为基础促进交流与行为的干预(play-based communication and behavior intervention,PCBI)对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)幼儿内向性和外向性行为的影响。方法2018年11月至2021年11月,选取90例在南京医科大学附属脑科医院儿童心理卫生研究中心登记进行PCBI超早期干预训练的8~30月龄ASD幼儿,按照2∶1的比例随机分配到干预组(n=60)和等候组(n=30)。采集12周干预前后幼儿与照顾者自由游戏的行为学录像,应用行为观察分析系统(Observer XT)对亲子互动状态和幼儿内外向性行为进行编码。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件对数据进行t检验、卡方检验、Pearson相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析。结果干预后干预组幼儿内外向性行为[(2.43±2.22)分,(1.88±1.91)分]较干预前[(4.82±3.37)分,(3.68±5.68)分]均有改善,均差异有统计学意义(t=4.66,2.60,均P<0.05),等候组干预前[(4.23±2.47)分,(4.00±2.18)分]和干预后[(4.37±2.57)分,(4.67±3.72)分]均差异无统计学意义(t=-0.23,-0.83,均P>0.05)。干预后,干预组幼儿内外向性行为较等候组减少,均差异有统计学意义(t=-3.70,-4.71,均P<0.05)。两组干预前后内向性行为差值[(2.38±3.96)分,(1.80±5.37)分]和外向性行为差值[(1.80±5.37)分,(-0.67±4.38)分]均差异有统计学意义(t=3.03,2.18,均P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归结果表明照顾者消极互动(β=0.29,P<0.01)是内向性行为的危险因素;儿童消极互动(β=0.45,P<0.01)是外向性行为的危险因素,儿童物体状态(β=-0.30,P<0.01)和二元互动(β=-0.30,P<0.01)是外向性行为保护因素。干预组ASD幼儿的亲子互动状态在干预前后儿童积极互动、照顾者积极互动和二元互动增加(t=-6.77,-4.58,-7.72,均P<0.05),儿童物体状态和照顾者消极互动均减少(t=3.37,4.30,均P<0.05)。结论PCBI超早期干预可以有效改善ASD幼儿的内外向性行为。内向性行为的改善可能是通过减少照顾者消极互动起作用的,外向性行为的改善可能是通过增加亲子二元互动起作用的。展开更多
Fe96-xZrxn4 （1〈x〈12） nanowires were prepared by electrodepositing into anodic aluminum oxide templates. The diameter of nanowires used is 100 nm and the aspect ratio is 75. The structure of the nanowire arrays was...Fe96-xZrxn4 （1〈x〈12） nanowires were prepared by electrodepositing into anodic aluminum oxide templates. The diameter of nanowires used is 100 nm and the aspect ratio is 75. The structure of the nanowire arrays was studied by selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and MOssbauer spectrometer. The phase structure of Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires is changed from a crystalline phase to a homogenous amorphous phase with the increasing of Zr content. The Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires are com- posed of a-Fe-like and Zr-rich FeZrB phases. With the increasing of Zr composition, the atoms of Fe site in both phases are more disorderly, and the ct-Fe-like phase decreasing with the FeZrB phase increasing. The anisotropy of Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires becomes more obvious with the increasing of Zr content, and the easy magnetizing axis is parallel to the nanowire arrays.展开更多
文摘目的探究以游戏为基础促进交流与行为的干预(play-based communication and behavior intervention,PCBI)对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)幼儿内向性和外向性行为的影响。方法2018年11月至2021年11月,选取90例在南京医科大学附属脑科医院儿童心理卫生研究中心登记进行PCBI超早期干预训练的8~30月龄ASD幼儿,按照2∶1的比例随机分配到干预组(n=60)和等候组(n=30)。采集12周干预前后幼儿与照顾者自由游戏的行为学录像,应用行为观察分析系统(Observer XT)对亲子互动状态和幼儿内外向性行为进行编码。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件对数据进行t检验、卡方检验、Pearson相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析。结果干预后干预组幼儿内外向性行为[(2.43±2.22)分,(1.88±1.91)分]较干预前[(4.82±3.37)分,(3.68±5.68)分]均有改善,均差异有统计学意义(t=4.66,2.60,均P<0.05),等候组干预前[(4.23±2.47)分,(4.00±2.18)分]和干预后[(4.37±2.57)分,(4.67±3.72)分]均差异无统计学意义(t=-0.23,-0.83,均P>0.05)。干预后,干预组幼儿内外向性行为较等候组减少,均差异有统计学意义(t=-3.70,-4.71,均P<0.05)。两组干预前后内向性行为差值[(2.38±3.96)分,(1.80±5.37)分]和外向性行为差值[(1.80±5.37)分,(-0.67±4.38)分]均差异有统计学意义(t=3.03,2.18,均P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归结果表明照顾者消极互动(β=0.29,P<0.01)是内向性行为的危险因素;儿童消极互动(β=0.45,P<0.01)是外向性行为的危险因素,儿童物体状态(β=-0.30,P<0.01)和二元互动(β=-0.30,P<0.01)是外向性行为保护因素。干预组ASD幼儿的亲子互动状态在干预前后儿童积极互动、照顾者积极互动和二元互动增加(t=-6.77,-4.58,-7.72,均P<0.05),儿童物体状态和照顾者消极互动均减少(t=3.37,4.30,均P<0.05)。结论PCBI超早期干预可以有效改善ASD幼儿的内外向性行为。内向性行为的改善可能是通过减少照顾者消极互动起作用的,外向性行为的改善可能是通过增加亲子二元互动起作用的。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11074312)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.1112KYQN35)+3 种基金the"985 project"(Grant No.98507-012009)the Ministry of Education of Chinathe National Innovation and Training(Grant No.GCCX 2012110014)the Undergraduate Research Training Program of Minzu University of China(Grant Nos.URTP 2012110009 and URTP 2012110010)
文摘Fe96-xZrxn4 （1〈x〈12） nanowires were prepared by electrodepositing into anodic aluminum oxide templates. The diameter of nanowires used is 100 nm and the aspect ratio is 75. The structure of the nanowire arrays was studied by selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and MOssbauer spectrometer. The phase structure of Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires is changed from a crystalline phase to a homogenous amorphous phase with the increasing of Zr content. The Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires are com- posed of a-Fe-like and Zr-rich FeZrB phases. With the increasing of Zr composition, the atoms of Fe site in both phases are more disorderly, and the ct-Fe-like phase decreasing with the FeZrB phase increasing. The anisotropy of Fe96_xZrxB4 nanowires becomes more obvious with the increasing of Zr content, and the easy magnetizing axis is parallel to the nanowire arrays.
