拉曼光谱分析实验课“课程思政”的融合实践

以“拉曼光谱分析实验”课程为载体,围绕立德树人根本任务,通过深入挖掘课程相关的思政元素,灵活运用多种教学方式,调动学生的课堂参与感,最终使价值塑造、科学素养与实验理论知识和操作技能自然融合,增强实验课程的思政影响力。

Affinity-Engineered Flexible Scaffold toward Energy-Dense, Highly Reversible Na Metal Batteries

The practical deployment of metallic anodes in the energy-dense batteries is impeded by the thermodynamically unstable interphase in contact with the aprotic electrolyte,structural collapse of the substrates as well as their insufficient affinity toward the metallic deposits.Herein,the mechanical flexible,lightweight(1.2 mg cm^(−2))carbon nanofiber scaffold with the monodispersed,ultrafine Sn_(4)P_(3) nanoparticles encapsulation(Sn_(4)P_(3)NPs@CNF)is proposed as the deposition substrate toward the high-areal-capacity sodium loadings up to 4 mAh cm^(−2).First-principles calculations manifest that the alloy intermediates,namely the Na_(15)Sn_(4) and Na_(3)P matrix,exhibit the intimate Na affinity as the“sodiophilic”sites.Meanwhile,the porous CNF regulates the heterogeneous alloying process and confines the deposit propagation along the nanofiber orientation.With the precise control of pairing mode with the NaVPO4F cathode(8.7 mg cm^(−2)),the practical feasibility of the Sn_(4)P_(3) NPs@CNF anode(1^(*)Na excess)is demonstrated in 2 mAh single-layer pouch cell prototype,which achieves the 95.7%capacity retention for 150 cycles at various mechanical flexing states as well as balanced energy/power densities.

Study on Plugging Technology in Oil Test

In view of the shortcomings of poor temperature resistance, poor pumpability and poor pressure-bearing capacity of commonly used gel plugging materials, polyacrylamide (HPAM) and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) were selected for crosslinking and compounding to make a new type of gel plugging material with high temperature and pressure resistance. The compressive strength and yield stress were measured by inverted observation method to evaluate the gel strength. The anti-temperature, anti-pressure, anti-dilution and gel-breaking properties of the gel were evaluated. Finally, 71 type high temperature and high pressure water loss instrument and high temperature and high pressure filter with slit plate were used to evaluate the plugging capacity of gel plugging agent. The experimental results show that the new gel plugging system between 100°C - 120°C, gelation time can be controlled at about 5 h;it has strong temperature resistance, compression resistance, dilution resistance and gel breaking performance. In the face of permeability and fracture leakage simulation experiments, when the ambient temperature below 120°C, pressure within 5 MPa, the filter loss of gel plugging agent is far less than the market two conventional plugging agent, has excellent plugging performance.

Study on a Polyamine-Based Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluid System

In complex strata, oil-based drilling fluid is the preferred drilling fluid system, but its preparation cost is high, and there are hidden safety risks. Therefore, the new progress of high-performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid at home and abroad is analyzed. It is difficult to prevent and control the well collapse. Once the well wall instability problem occurs, it will often bring huge economic losses to the enterprises, and the underground safety accidents will occur. In order to ensure the stability of the well wall and improve the downhole safety, the key treatment agent of water-based collapse drilling fluid is selected, the anti-collapse drilling fluid system is formulated, the evaluation method of drilling fluid prevention performance is established, and a set of water-based drilling fluid system suitable for easy to collapse strata in China is selected to ensure the downhole safety. The development trend of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid is expected to provide a reference for the research of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid system and key treatment agent.

A Study of Solid-Free Drilling Fluid for Tight Gas Reservoirs

This project is explaining a laboratory development of a solid free drilling fluid formula that could be potentially used in tight gas reservoirs. The configuration of the weak gel fluid WGL-1, which is resistant to high temperature and high salt, was tested, and concluded that its gelling properties, salt and temperature resistance, and environmental protection were all in line with industry requirements. The final drilling fluid formula was developed as: water + (0.3% ~ 0.5%) NaOH + 5% KCl + 2% WGL-1 + 5% NaCl + (1.0% ~ 2.0%) HBFR Anti-high temperature fluid loss agent + 2% Polyol + (1.5% ~ 2.0%) SDL-1 Lubricant + 0.4% A4O1. The performance of the liquid was tested for temperature resistance, inhibition, gas formation protection effect, plugging performance, and static settlement stability. It was concluded that the temperature resistance performance is satisfied at 150°C, and the cuttings recovery rate is as high as 96.78%. It has good performance in inhibiting water dispersion and swelling of cuttings. The permeability recovery value reaches 88.9%, which meets the requirements of gas formation protection. The SSSI value shows that its settlement stability is good;under high temperature and high pressure, its sealing performance is good. This drilling fluid system has achieved the expected results and laid a foundation for further promoting the development of solid-free drilling fluid systems. The future development direction of solid-free drilling fluids is pointed out, to the improvement of properties to be applied in high temperature environment and have high salt resistance capacity.

肝肾阴虚证的现代研究进展

肝肾阴虚是临床多种疾病中晚期常见证型,对肝肾阴虚的准确辨证有利于疾病的临床辨证施治。现从肝肾阴虚的中医治疗、肝肾阴虚动物模型建立、肝肾阴虚的系统生物学研究等方面进行探讨,为进一步明确肝肾阴虚的物质基础提供科学依据,为促进规范肝肾阴虚证的辨证论治贡献力量。

不同水稻品种生长环境中重金属Pb、Cd富集状况研究

食品和环境安全是全社会共同关注的一个问题。为了研究成熟期水稻的重金属总Pb、总Cd含量的主要来源和富集规律,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法,对某地区的几个处于生长成熟期的水稻品种的根系、主梗、完全叶片和稻谷,以及对生长环境中的栽种土壤以及灌溉水源的重金属总Pb、总Cd含量进行了检测。结果表明:该地区大米中重金属总Pb、总Cd主要来源于栽种的土壤,且土壤中的重金属Pb、Cd依次通过水稻的根系、主梗、完全叶片及糠壳富集到大米中,威胁人类的健康。

Inhibition of neurite outgrowth using commercial myelin associated glycoprotein-Fc in neuro-2a cells

Myelin-associated glycoprotein（MAG） inhibits the growth of neurites from nerve cells. Extraction and purification of MAG require complex operations; therefore, we attempted to determine whether commercially available MAG-Fc can replace endogenous MAG for research purposes. Immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against MAG, Nogo receptor（NgR） and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（PirB） was used to determine whether MAG-Fc can be endocytosed by neuro-2a cells. In addition, neurite outgrowth of neuro-2a cells treated with different doses of MAG-Fc was evaluated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure RhoA activity. Western blot assays were conducted to assess Rho-associated protein kinase（ROCK） phosphorylation. Neuro-2a cells expressed NgR and PirB, and MAG-Fc could be endocytosed by binding to NgR and PirB. This activated intracellular signaling pathways to increase RhoA activity and ROCK phosphorylation, ultimately inhibiting neurite outgrowth. These findings not only verify that MAG-Fc can inhibit the growth of neural neurites by activating RhoA signaling pathways, similarly to endogenous MAG, but also clearly demonstrate that commercial MAG-Fc is suitable for experimental studies of neurite outgrowth.

博弈中的减负——近十年我国基础教育减负研究综述

通过对近十年我国基础教育减负研究相关文献的分析,发现学生课业负担的内涵、影响因素、判断标准、成因及治理对策等问题成为研究热点,而且近十年教育减负的发文量呈明显递增趋势,实证研究不断增加。本文关注到不同视阈对学生负担的影响,并以差异性视角分析学生负担的成因及治理对策。

Purifying chylous plasma by precluding triglyceride via carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane

Precluding the excessive lipoproteins from plasma rapidly and effectively is highly needed for biomedical detection and reducing plasma product scrap in blood donation stations.The current centrifugation procedure is high-cost and time-consuming.Herein,we fabricated an anionic microfiltration polyethersulfone(PES)membrane modified by interface swelling and implanting of acrylic acid(AA)for screening out large particle lipoprotein chylomicron(CM)and adsorbing cationic very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL).To improve the separation efficiency,a two-stage filtration through carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes with the mean pore size of 0.45 and 0.22μm respectively were conducted.Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared technique(ATR-FTIR),water contact angle(WCA),Zeta potential and scanning electron microscope(SEM)were employed to characterize the modified membrane.To test the effectiveness of this membrane,plasma flux and concentration variation of plasma components were examined to study the purification effectiveness.Furthermore,the hemocompatibility of modified membranes was tested to confirm its practicability on bloodcontacting materials.The carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane shows its promising potential application to purify chylous plasma.

An improved yield criterion characterizing the anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric behavior of magnesium alloy

A novel yield criterion based on CPB06 considering anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric behaviors of magnesium alloys was derived and proposed(called M_CPB06).This yield criterion can simultaneously predict the yield stresses and the Lankford ratios at different angles(if any)under uniaxial tension,compression,equal-biaxial and equal-compression conditions.Then,in order to further describe the anisotropic strain-hardening characteristics of magnesium alloy,the proposed M_CPB06 criterion was further evolved to the M_CPB06ev model by expressing the parameters of the M_CPB06 model as functions of the plastic strain.As the model was developed,the stresses and Lankford ratios of AZ31B and ZK61M magnesium alloys at different angles under tensile,compressive and through-thickness compressive conditions were used to calibrate the M_CPB06/M_CPB06ev and the existing CPB06ex2 model.Calibration results reveal that compared with the CPB06ex2 yield criterion with equal quantity of coefficients,the M_CPB06 criterion exhibits certain advancement,and meanwhile the M_CPB06ev model can relatively accurately predict the change of the yield locus with increase of the plastic strain.Finally,the M_CPB06ev model was developed through UMAT in LS-DYNA.Finite element simulations using the subroutine were conducted on the specimens of different angles to the rolling direction under tension and compression.Simulation results were highly consistent with the experimental results,demonstrating a good reliability and accuracy of the developed subroutine.

Emergence of lesions outside of the basal ganglia and irreversible damage to the basal ganglia with severeβ-ketothiolase deficiency:A case report

BACKGROUNDβ-ketothiolase deficiency(β-KTD)is an inherited disease,and insufficient attention has been paid to imageology due to its lower morbidity.Therefore,few lesions outside the basal ganglia have been found before,and the persistent pathological changes have rarely been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 10-mo-old Chinese female patient with a free previous medical history but with poor physical and athletic development had received the haemophilus influenzae vaccine and then developed a low fever 2 d prior.She was initially diagnosed with severe brain injury,central respiratory failure,metabolic acidosis complicated with respiratory alkalosis,hyper-IgE,etc.With further examination,a definite diagnosis ofβ-KTD was made.Symptomatic treatment was adopted.Ten days later,the dyspnea was improved evidently and the ventilator was removed,but there were still obvious abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The lesions mainly invaded the corpus striatum but were not limited to the basal ganglia.Then,the patient’s disease improved and discharged approximately 1 mo later,and the abnormal lesions on MRI had partially improved.However,for about 1 year,the residual irreversible lesions were observed on MRI,the mental and physical development of the patient was obviously regressive,and extra rehabilitation training was needed.CONCLUSION The case highlights the critical importance of one view that the range of lesions in some patients may be more extensive than previously thought in someβ-KTD patients.In addition to biochemical tests,genetic tests and magnetic resonance imaging are not only conducive to quickly diagnosingβ-KTD but also to partially evaluating the short-and long-term outcomes.Moreover,more attention should be paid to the two mutations(c.478 C>G;c.951 C>T)that may be associated with severeβ-KTD.

Prussian Blue/Cellulose Acetate Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration Membrane for Molecular Sieving and Catalytic Fouling Resistance

Nanofiltration(NF)membranes as high selective separators are appealing for molecular sieving,which still remains a great challenge for the mixed dyes with same charge.In this study,cellulose acetate(CA)membranes were firstly aminated by ethylene imine polymer(PEI),and then the thin film of metal organic frameworks(MOFs)were constructed onto aminated CA membrane through forward-diffusion,slow crystallization and in situ growth of Fe Co-Prussian blue(FeCo-PB)crystallization layers.The designed PB@CA composite NF membrane shows an ideal rejection for Congo red(CR)/methyl orange(MO)mixture solution,with 99.7%±0.2%for CR and 33.5%±2%for MO.In addition,the composite NF membrane demonstrated good efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of organic fouling(permeability recovery ratio was up to 92%)due to the active FeCo-PB micro-cubes.Thus,this work provides a practical strategy to prepare MOFs mediated thin film composite nanofiltration membrane for precise molecular sieving and catalytic antifouling performances.

Liver metabolomic characteristics in three different rat models of Yin deficiency based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of Yin deficiency syndrome(YDS) by analyzing the liver metabolomic characteristics of three different Yin deficiency rat models METHODS:Following the TCM etiology,for clinical features and pathological manifestations of modern medicine,three kinds of animal models of Yin deficiency were induced and replicated.Totally 48 Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats were randomly divided into blank group,irritation induced model group,Fuzi-Ganjiang induced model group,and thyroxine-reserpine induced model group.After successful development of model,the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out to detect metabolites in each group.The metabolites of rat liver were analyzed for the characteristics of their biomarkers.The pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic network construction were performed through various online databases including Metabolite Biology Role,Human Metabolome Database,MetaboAnalyst,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.RESULTS:The SD rats in the experimental group showed symptoms like less weight gain,reduced diet and water intake,high body temperature,increased liver and kidney indexes,and abnormal liver and kidney tissue morphology.Moreover,the rats showed high increased levels of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate,estradiol,alanine transaminase,and aspartate aminotransferase and decreased levels of cyclic guanosinc monophosphate and testosterone.We found four key interrelated metabolic pathways in the liver tissue metabolomics,including the biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A,and metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and sphingolipid.CONCLUSION:The liver and kidney YDS is closely related to the biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and CoA and abnormal metabolism of α-linolenic acid,glycerophospholipid,and sphingolipid in SD rats.

Bioinspired Noncyclic Transfer Pathway Electron Donors for Unprecedented Hydrogen Production

Electron donors are widely exploited in visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production.As a typical electron donor pair and often the first choice for hydrogen production,the sodium sulfide-sodium sulfite pair has been extensively used.However,the resultant thiosulfate ions consume the photogenerated electrons to form an undesirable pseudocyclic electron transfer pathway during the photocatalytic process,strongly limiting the solar energy conversion efficiency.Here,we report novel and bioinspired electron donor pairs offering a noncyclic electron transfer pathway that provides more electrons without the consumption of the photogenerated electrons.Compared to the state-of-the-art electron donor pair Na_(2)S-Na_(2)SO_(3),these novel Na_(2)S-NaH_(2)PO_(2)and Na_(2)S-NaNO_(2)electron donor pairs enable an unprecedented enhancement of up to 370%and 140%for average photocatalytic H_(2)production over commercial CdS nanoparticles,and they are versatile for a large series of photocatalysts for visible-light water splitting.The discovery of these novel electron donor pairs can lead to a revolution in photocatalysis and is of great significance for industrial visible-light-driven H_(2)production.

基于RNA测序的太赫兹波抑制白血病K562细胞转录组学特征分析

为了探究太赫兹波抑制K562细胞存活率基因表达变化的整体情况,揭示其可能的关键信号通路,利用太赫兹波干预K562细胞,基于RNA测序分析基因表达变化的整体差异,通过生物信息学方法分析差异表达基因的富集与聚类特征。以一定的条件筛选出1131个差异表达基因,包括上调表达基因216个,下调表达基因915个。基因本体论富集分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要富集在DNA结合转录激活剂活性、RNA聚合酶与DNA结合、转录因子活性、蛋白质折叠、共价染色质修饰和组蛋白修饰等过程中。京都基因和基因组百科全书的信号通路分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要富集在丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、C型凝集素受体、Notch、Janus激酶信号转导及转录激活因子和转化生长因子-β等与K562细胞增殖和凋亡密切相关的信号通路。本研究对揭示太赫兹波对生物体效应的影响具有一定的参考价值。

我国房地产评估行业风险防范认知、措施与风险评估调查

为准确把握我国房地产评估行业对估价风险的认知情况,风险防控存在哪些问题,以及估价作业各阶段风险程度如何,我们通过构建房地产估价风险量表,对全国主要房地产评估机构进行了问卷调查。结果发现,抵押估价、司法评估、征收评估三类业务发生估价风险的概率最大,房地产评估独立性主要受估价委托人的影响;各机构对估价风险防范普遍比较重视,但也存在忽视业务承接风险和报告交付风险的问题;委托人或产权人故意隐瞒重大事项、委托人提供虚假资料、评估专业人员故意隐瞒重大瑕疵等是风险程度最高的几类风险。本文提出行业协会有必要统一制定房地产评估执业风险管理指引,以更好地防控评估风险。

肝纤维化病证结合动物模型的建立及评价方法研究进展

中医药辨证治疗肝纤维化(HF)有其独特优势,临床上得到了广泛使用,而病证结合动物模型是连接基础研究与中医临床的纽带。建立具备疾病和中医证候双重特征的HF病证结合动物模型,有利于加深对HF中医证候演变规律的探究以及辨证筛选出有效的治疗中药。文章总结了HF常见证型肝郁脾虚证、肝肾阴虚证、血瘀证病证结合动物模型的制备方法及评价指标,以期推动HF病证结合动物模型研究的发展。

合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的免疫球蛋白G4相关性疾病18例临床分析

目的分析合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的免疫球蛋白（Ig）G4相关性疾病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年7月在同仁医院风湿科诊断为IgG4相关性疾病以及随访至少半年以上的病例资料完整的IgG4相关性疾病44例。其中合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的IgG4相关性疾病24例，获得鼻/鼻窦黏膜病理者18例设为病例组，未合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的IgG4相关性疾病20例，其中确诊病例12例设为对照组A，收集同期于我院鼻科住院的普通慢性鼻-鼻窦炎10例设为对照组B。比较病例组和对照组之间的临床特点及实验室检查结果，定量资料采用独立样本t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验，分类变量资料采用Fisher确切概率法（〈40例）。结果IgG4相关性疾病中合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎24例（占54%），病例组与对照组之间人口学特征差异无统计学意义，与对照组A[0.5（0.2，4.3）年]相比，病例组[4.0（1.0，6.3）年]的病程更长（U=-2.182，P=0.041），受累器官数更多[4.0（3.8，5.3）个和3.0（1.0，4.0）个，U=-2.827，P=0.005]，合并眼部受累的比例更高（89%和42%，P=0.013），过敏现象更常见（61%和20%，P=0.026），及确诊前受累器官接受的手术次数更多[1.5（1.0，3.0）次和1.0（0，10）次，U=2.096，P=0.048]；其炎症指标升高比例（56%和0，P=0.004）、鼻黏膜组织中IgG4阳性的浆细胞数[57.5（50.0，66.3）个/HP和10.0（1.8，20.0）个/HP，U=4.358，P〈0.01]及其与IgG阳性的浆细胞数的比例（40%和10%，P〈0.01）均高于普通鼻-鼻窦炎组（对照组B）。结论IgG4相关性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎有别于普通的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎，IgG4相关性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与IgG4相关性眼病关系密切，在IgG4相关性谱系疾病中具有一定的临床特点。

In situ plasmonic optical fiber detection of the state of charge of supercapacitors for renewable energy storage

In situ and continuous monitoring of electrochemical activity is key to understanding and evaluating the operation mechanism and efficiency of energy storage devices.However,this task remains challenging.For example,the present methods are not capable of providing the real-time information about the state of charge(SOC)of the energy storage devices while in operation.To address this,a novel approach based on an electrochemical surface plasmon resonance(SPR)optical fiber sensor is proposed here.This approach offers the capability of in situ comprehensive monitoring of the electrochemical activity(the electrode potential and the SOC)of supercapacitors(used as an example).The sensor adopted is a tilted fiber Bragg grating imprinted in a commercial single-mode fiber and coated with a nanoscale gold film for high-efficiency SPR excitation.Unlike conventional“bulk”detection methods for electrode activity,our approach targets the“localized”(sub-μm-scale)charge state of the ions adjacent to the electrode interface of supercapacitors by monitoring the properties of the SPR wave on the fiber sensor surface located adjacent to the electrode.A stable and reproducible correlation between the real-time charge–discharge cycles of the supercapacitors and the optical transmission of the optical fiber has been found.Moreover,the method proposed is inherently immune to temperature cross-talk because of the presence of environmentally insensitive reference features in the optical transmission spectrum of the devices.Finally,this particular application is ideally suited to the fundamental qualities of optical fiber sensors,such as their compact size,flexible shape,and remote operation capability,thereby opening the way for other opportunities for electrochemical monitoring in various hard-to-reach spaces and remote environments.