湿法铟回收工艺中双氧水代替氯酸钠除锡工艺研究

在国内外铅锌联合冶炼企业中,铟回收工艺主要采用氯酸钠除锡法。然而,此方法在除锡过程中会产生氯气,给生产过程带来安全环保方面的隐患。为了解决这一问题,本文研究了一种使用双氧水替代氯酸钠除锡的工艺。这种新工艺具有诸多优点,不仅提高了除锡效果,还避免了氯气产生,从而消除了铟回收生产过程中的安全环保隐患。同时,使用双氧水除锡还能将产出锡渣作为中间产品外售,增加了企业经济效益。本文介绍了双氧水除锡工艺的实验条件和实施步骤,并对比了新工艺与原工艺在实验数据和生产实践中的应用效果。应用结果表明,新工艺具有显著的优势,值得在相关企业中推广应用。

GsMAPK4,a positive regulator of soybean tolerance to salinity stress

Salt stress is one of the major factors affecting plant growth and yield in soybean under saline soil condition. Despite many studies on salinity tolerance of soybean during the past few decades, the detailed signaling pathways and the signaling molecules for salinity tolerance regulation have not been clarified. In this study, a proteomic technology based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) and mass spectrometry(MS) were used to identify proteins responsible for salinity tolerance in soybean plant. Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blotting(WB) were used to verify the results of 2-DE/MS. Based on the results of 2-DE and MS, we selected glucosyltransferase(GsGT4), 4-coumarate, coenzyme A ligase(Gs4 CL1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 4(GsMAPK4), dehydration responsive element binding protein(GsDREB1), and soybean cold-regulated gene(GsSRC1) in the salinity tolerant soybean variety, and GsMAPK4 for subsequent research. We transformed soybean plants with mitogen-activated-protein kinase 4(GsMAPK4) and screened the resulting transgenics soybean plants using PCR and WB, which confirmed the expression of GsMAPK4 in transgenic soybean. GsMAPK4-overexpressed transgenic plants showed significantly increased tolerance to salt stress, suggesting that GsMAPK4 played a pivotal role in salinity tolerance. Our research will provide new insights for better understanding the salinity tolerance regulation at molecular level.

Establishment of PCR-ELISA for Detecting Glyphosate Resistant Transgenic Soybean

A PCR-ELISA method for detecting the glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean was established and optimized. The results showed that the key parameters of PCR-ELISA were as follows： the concentration of digoxin tag probe was 0.5 μmol · L^-1, the time of hybridization reaction was 15 min and the chromogenic reaction should last for 30 min. The sensitivity and the repeatability of our PCR-ELISA method were evaluated, and the results showed that it could be detected when the concentration of DNA template from transgenic soybean samples was 0.01% or higher, and the coefficient of variation of this method was less than 5% in our research condition. These results suggested that PCR-ELISA method establishment in this study had good repeatability and high precision for detecting the transgenic soybean samples.

光催化分解作业环境中氨的规律研究

纳米TiO2具有高效催化分解作业环境中氨气的作用。以挥发箱中加入定量氨气模拟有害作业环境,采用传感器测量挥发箱中氨气浓度变化。以纳米TiO2为光催化剂,从影响TiO2光催化因素如纳米二氧化钛的粒径、二氧化钛载体、光照种类及光照强度入手,研究纳米TiO2催化分解作业环境中氨气的影响因素及规律,旨在探寻一种高效、经济、环保降解作业环境中氨气的方案,从根本上消除作业环境中的氨气污染。

表征车辆实际行驶排放的行程动力学因子构造

为使法规认证的车辆排放更真实地反映车辆在实际使用条件下的排放水平,实际行驶排放(RDE)试验程序被确立并广泛使用。然而,RDE试验易受到驾驶人操作行为、交通状况、道路坡度等不确定性因素的影响,行程动力学试验边界对RDE试验结果的影响特别敏感。为有效表征与车辆实际行驶排放特性相关联的行程动力学特性,提取了描述车辆行驶状态的瞬时参数,包括整车速度、加速度、发动机转速、转矩、功率变化率、整车比功率,采用因子分析法从变量群中提取共性因子,并通过共性因子的线性组合构造出行程动力学因子。为验证行程动力学因子的有效性,设计试验车辆在保守驾驶、中性驾驶和激进驾驶风格下进行RDE试验,利用移动平均窗口法将保守、中性和激进驾驶风格下RDE试验的瞬时数据划分为数据窗口;并将这些数据窗口的排放数据视为路段排放数据样本进行动力学因子的计算、相关性分析和一致性检验。研究结果表明:行程动力学因子可以通过构成因子的方差百分占比反映出RDE试验驾驶风格的差异;在各种不同驾驶风格情况下,行程动力学因子与污染物排放均良好相关,且两者之间的函数关系不随驾驶风格的差异而发生改变;行程动力学因子被证实是与车辆行驶排放所关联的行程动力学特性的准确度量。

中医英译国际传播的主体因素——以“脏腑”英译为例

笔者通过文献研究法和田野研究法爬梳“脏腑”英译相关资料,资料来源包括线下书籍、网络在线翻译、知网外文数据库等线上+线下资源,共统计出包括“zang-fu organs”“viscera and bowels”在内的35种“脏腑”英译方式。“脏腑”之所以会出现大量的翻译方式,除了由于文化缺失导致的翻译随意性较大,更重要的是由于译者主体差异而导致的翻译多样性。在研究翻译现象时,我们要关注翻译的主体,也就是译者的情况,才能更好地理解其翻译时选择的词汇和语言。换言之,就是要阐明译者的母语与其所处的客观语境在其采取翻译策略并创作出翻译成果的过程中所起到的作用。本文以“脏腑”英译情况为例,分析翻译主体因素驱动下产生的“个性化”翻译现象,探索中医英译标准化国际传播之路。

Effect of Intensive Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation on Selenium Availability in Soil

Soil properties dramatically change after long-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation, which further affects soil selenium （Se） nutritional status and plant Se uptake. An evaluation of Se availability after long-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation （CVC） can help in better understanding its influential factors under GVC conditions and will also facilitate further regulation of soil Se nutrition in GVC systems. Two typical GVC bases were chosen： one with clayey and acidic soil in Nanjing, southern China, and the other with sandy alkaline soil in Shouguang, northern China. Twenty-seven surface soil samples at the Nanjing base and 61 surface soil samples at the Shouguang base were collected according to cultivation duration and cultivation intensity. Soil properties including soil available Se （PO4^3--Se） and total Se （T-Se） were analyzed. The results showed that soil PO4^3--Se was significantly and negatively correlated with soil Olsen-P, available K （A-K）, and electrical conductivity （EC） at the Nanjing base. At the Shouguang base, however, no significant correlation was found between soil PO4^3--Se and Olsen-P and EC, and soil PO4^3--Se increased with increasing soil organic matter （OM）. Intensively utilized greenhouse vegetable cultivation caused significant changes in soil properties and further affected soil Se availability. Due to different management practices, the dominant factors affecting Se availability varied between the two GVC bases. At the Nanjing base, the dominant influential factor on soil Se availability was soil nutritional status, especially Olsen-P and A-K status. At the Shouguang base, where organic fertilizers were applied at high rates, soil OM was the dominant influential factor.

Effect of Farming Practices on the Variability of Phosphorus Status in Intensively Managed Soils

Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982(n = 1 514), 1997(n = 1 651), and 2002(n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P(TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input,and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational.