The Loess Plateau of China has experienced a lengthy drought and severe soil erosion.Changes in precipitation and land use largely determine the dynamics of runoff and sediment yield in this region. Trend and mutation...The Loess Plateau of China has experienced a lengthy drought and severe soil erosion.Changes in precipitation and land use largely determine the dynamics of runoff and sediment yield in this region. Trend and mutation analyses were performed on hydrological data(1981–2012) from the Yanwachuan watershed in the Loess Plateau Gully Region to study the evolution characteristics of runoff and sediment yield. A time-series contrasting method also was used to evaluate the effects of precipitation and soil and water conservation(SWC) on runoff and sediment yield. Annual sediment yield declined markedly from 1981 to 2012 although there was no significant change in annual precipitation and annual runoff. Change points of annual runoff and annual sediment yield occurred in 1996 and 1997,respectively. Compared with that in the baseline period(1981–1996), annual runoff and annual sediment yield in the change period(1997–2012)decreased by 17.0% and 76.0%, respectively, but annual precipitation increased by 6.3%. Runoff decreased in the flood season and normal season, but increased in the dry season, while sediment yield significantly declined in the whole study period. The SWC measures contributed significantly to the reduction of annual runoff(137.9%) and annual sediment yield(135%) and were more important than precipitation. Biological measures(forestland and grassland) accounted for 61.04% of total runoff reduction, while engineering measures(terraces and dams) accounted for 102.84% of total sediment yield reduction. Furthermore, SWC measures had positive ecological effects. This study provides a scientific basis for soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
This paper considers the thermoelastic beam system of type Ⅲ with friction dissipations acting on the whole system. By using the methods developed by Chueshov and Lasiecka, we get the quasi-stability property of the ...This paper considers the thermoelastic beam system of type Ⅲ with friction dissipations acting on the whole system. By using the methods developed by Chueshov and Lasiecka, we get the quasi-stability property of the system and obtain the existence of a global attractor with finite fractal dimension. Result on exponential attractors of the system is also proved.展开更多
基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立高速铁路车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合模型,采用有限元法,分别研究双块式无砟轨道结构中减振垫对轨道和桥梁时域、频域动力性能的影响,并研究其减振效果。研究结果表明:在时域内,减振双块式无砟轨道使钢轨、道...基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立高速铁路车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合模型,采用有限元法,分别研究双块式无砟轨道结构中减振垫对轨道和桥梁时域、频域动力性能的影响,并研究其减振效果。研究结果表明:在时域内,减振双块式无砟轨道使钢轨、道床板的竖向位移增加,并且使道床板梁端竖向位移显著增加;使钢轨、道床板竖向加速度增加,使桥梁跨中竖向加速度明显减小。在频域内,减振双块式无砟轨道使桥梁加速度振级减小5 d B,减振效果良好,并且在10~40 Hz频率范围内减振效果最明显。然而,道床板加速度振级增加了8 d B。减振垫使振动能量更多地滞留在道床板内,对道床板的正常使用不利。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51239009, 41171034)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Key) Project (2013JZ012)+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Project of Department of Education (14JS059)Shaanxi Provincial Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project (2016slkj-11)
文摘The Loess Plateau of China has experienced a lengthy drought and severe soil erosion.Changes in precipitation and land use largely determine the dynamics of runoff and sediment yield in this region. Trend and mutation analyses were performed on hydrological data(1981–2012) from the Yanwachuan watershed in the Loess Plateau Gully Region to study the evolution characteristics of runoff and sediment yield. A time-series contrasting method also was used to evaluate the effects of precipitation and soil and water conservation(SWC) on runoff and sediment yield. Annual sediment yield declined markedly from 1981 to 2012 although there was no significant change in annual precipitation and annual runoff. Change points of annual runoff and annual sediment yield occurred in 1996 and 1997,respectively. Compared with that in the baseline period(1981–1996), annual runoff and annual sediment yield in the change period(1997–2012)decreased by 17.0% and 76.0%, respectively, but annual precipitation increased by 6.3%. Runoff decreased in the flood season and normal season, but increased in the dry season, while sediment yield significantly declined in the whole study period. The SWC measures contributed significantly to the reduction of annual runoff(137.9%) and annual sediment yield(135%) and were more important than precipitation. Biological measures(forestland and grassland) accounted for 61.04% of total runoff reduction, while engineering measures(terraces and dams) accounted for 102.84% of total sediment yield reduction. Furthermore, SWC measures had positive ecological effects. This study provides a scientific basis for soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau.
文摘This paper considers the thermoelastic beam system of type Ⅲ with friction dissipations acting on the whole system. By using the methods developed by Chueshov and Lasiecka, we get the quasi-stability property of the system and obtain the existence of a global attractor with finite fractal dimension. Result on exponential attractors of the system is also proved.
文摘基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立高速铁路车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合模型,采用有限元法,分别研究双块式无砟轨道结构中减振垫对轨道和桥梁时域、频域动力性能的影响,并研究其减振效果。研究结果表明:在时域内,减振双块式无砟轨道使钢轨、道床板的竖向位移增加,并且使道床板梁端竖向位移显著增加;使钢轨、道床板竖向加速度增加,使桥梁跨中竖向加速度明显减小。在频域内,减振双块式无砟轨道使桥梁加速度振级减小5 d B,减振效果良好,并且在10~40 Hz频率范围内减振效果最明显。然而,道床板加速度振级增加了8 d B。减振垫使振动能量更多地滞留在道床板内,对道床板的正常使用不利。
