利用藓袋法监测广州市大气重金属沉降研究

工业生产和交通排放的增加导致了城市大气重金属污染,并威胁城市居民的健康。苔藓是常用的大气重金属污染指示植物之一,具有分布广、成本低、效果直观等优点。该研究利用藓袋法(泥炭藓)监测广州市大气重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的污染水平并评价其污染风险。结果表明:与暴露前泥炭藓的重金属含量相比,暴露后的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的几何平均值分别是其暴露前的1.2、2.3、1.4和2.3倍,而Cr元素在暴露期间稍微下降(0.9倍)。工业区的泥炭藓中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn几何平均含量普遍较高;与风景区和居民区相比,商业区的Cu、Pb、Zn含量较高。聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,工业活动和交通污染源是广州大气重金属污染的主要来源。利用污染因子法对4个功能区的泥炭藓样品的重金属污染情况进行评估,其中重金属污染程度为极高和高的监测点主要受工业生产及其重金属废弃物排放的影响(Cu、Pb、Zn);中度污染的监测点主要受到交通污染源影响(Cu、Zn);低污染的监测点都是远离工业排放源和交通源。该研究结果证明藓袋法(泥炭藓)在城市大气重金属污染监测中具有较高的适用性。

“金学”三人谈——宁宗一：还《金瓶梅》以尊严

＂《金瓶梅》悖论＂客观存在,即一方面金学界承认其为小说史中的杰作;另一方面,群众中有人认为它是＂淫书＂,在出版和传播过程中受到诸多限制。我们应还《金瓶梅》这部大师经典以小说的尊严。潘金莲为书中第一女主角,我们应从文本出发,还读者一个真实的金莲。＂世代累积说＂仅是从素材层面而谈,小说的经典文本均为小说作者所独创,《金瓶梅》是作者兰陵笑笑生的心灵史。

《金瓶梅》:章回小说的革新之作

笑笑生创作的《金瓶梅》是世情奇书,而非"性小说"这一主题能涵括;他采用了网状结构和借壳上市、移花接木的创作方法;小说的风格缜密和自然。凡此种种,均可见《金瓶梅》是迥异于之前问世的三大"奇书"的革新之作,是长篇世情小说的开山之作和杰出代表。

国家中心城市交通运输业碳排放效率研究

为改善交通运输业碳排放效率促进城市低碳经济发展,以在区域发展中发挥引领作用的九个国家中心城市为研究对象,运用包含非期望产出的Super-SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,从静态和动态两个角度对研究区2005—2016年交通运输业碳排放效率进行了测算,并进一步分析了碳排放效率变化的影响因素。结果显示,各年份国家中心城市交通运输业碳排放效率的平均值均偏低,变化范围在0.4824—0.7609之间,仍有较大的提升空间。研究期间国家中心城市交通运输业碳排放效率年均下降2.98%,其中技术效率受纯技术效率和规模效率改善的影响年均上升1.43%,而技术水平年均下降4.35%,因此提升碳排放效率的重点在于推动技术的进步。位于东部沿海地带的国家中心城市,其交通运输业碳排放效率的年均增长率大于西部地带与中部地带的国家中心城市,且各城市交通运输业碳排放效率的变化特征及影响因素之间存在差异,需要因地制宜地制定交通运输业节能减排政策。

Stress Effect of Cadmium Absorption between Aloe and Solanum nigrum L

The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and Cd content in the plants of aloe and S. nigrum L were closely related to Cd content in the soil, and S. nigrum L and aloe had a strong tolerance to Cd in the experiment, pH of rhizosphere soil with S. ni- grum L and aloe planted was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which is related to the planting pattern. Compared with aloe, S. nig- rum L had a stronger capacity to accumulate Cd, and intercropping S. nigrum L and aloe could inhibit aloe＇s absorption of Cd, which is favorable to the safe planting of aloe. In addition, S. nigrum L has the potential to restore polluted soil.

Identifications of products of geographical origin based on geochemical zoning

The protection system of products of geographical origin has become one hot subject with which various countries throughout the world are concerned. Results of element-Pb isotope geochemical mapping indicate that there emerge a number of famous-brand high-quality product groups of geographical origin in China. The environment of production of China’s famous-brand white spirits of geographical origin at the Sichuan-Guizhou border is still a mystery to be solved. China has two main communities of white spirits of geographical origin, i.e., the most famous are Moutai and Wuliangye spirits. By element-Pb isotope geochemical tracing, we can establish the natural background geological, geographical and geochemical scientific data mark ers in close relation with source areas. Research on the product of geographical origin, named Kaempferia galangal L. in the Shuangjiao district, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, showed that the trace elements have an excellent heritance between Kaempferia galangal L. and soil in this area, and the trace elements are highly effective for tracing the origin.

解脱的迷惘——《金瓶梅》中的病与梦

通过对《金瓶梅》中的人物因病而梦、纵欲而亡的描述,刻画出李瓶儿、西门庆等人的心灵轨迹。病与梦,成为塑造人物的重要情节。而在西门庆、李瓶儿等《金瓶梅》中主要人物的病和梦的描写中,也展现了其解脱的迷惘。西门庆、李瓶儿均属于悲剧性人物。

Stress Effect of Cadmium Absorption between Aloe and Brassica junica

The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Brassica junica was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and cadmium content of aloe and B. junica plants were relat- ed to pH and cadmium content in the soil. When aloe was intercropped with B. junica, soil pH was higher than that of single planting, showing that intercropping aloe and B. junica can reduce aloe＇s absorption of Cd. When Cd content in the soil was high, the absorption coefficient of aloe was lower than that of B. junica, and C,d content in the leaves of intercropped aloe was 15.8% -79.2% lower than that of aloe cropped only. In addi- tion, planting B. junica in the soil with different contents of Cd had certain stress effect on aloe＇s absorption of Cd, thereby protecting aloe well, im- proving safety of aloe planting and showing its potential for application in phytoremediation.