基于西南地区油菜收获后大豆-玉米带状间作种植存在的弱光环境、品种和密度筛选等问题,选择2个不同熟期的品种南夏豆25号(ND25,中晚熟,多分枝)、齐黄34(QH34,早熟,少分枝),分析播期(2021年,S1:5月17日,S2:5月27日,S3:6月6日;2022年,S1:5...基于西南地区油菜收获后大豆-玉米带状间作种植存在的弱光环境、品种和密度筛选等问题,选择2个不同熟期的品种南夏豆25号(ND25,中晚熟,多分枝)、齐黄34(QH34,早熟,少分枝),分析播期(2021年,S1:5月17日,S2:5月27日,S3:6月6日;2022年,S1:5月10日,S2:5月25日,S3:6月9日)及密度(D1:81,000株hm^(–2),D2:101,000株hm^(–2),D3:140,000株hm^(–2),D4:171,000株hm^(–2))对带状间作大豆茎叶生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明:同一密度,随着播期的推迟,2个品种始粒期的叶面积指数逐渐减小,冠层内部透光率逐渐增加,ND25对荚的分配比率逐渐增加,倒伏率逐渐降低,QH34对荚的分配比率逐渐减少,倒伏率逐渐增加;同一播期,随着密度的增加,2个品种始粒期的叶面积指数逐渐增加,透光率逐渐减小,对荚的干物质分配比率逐渐减少,倒伏率逐渐上升。光环境及干物质分配差异对不同品种的产量影响不同,ND25同一密度不同播期间,S3>S2>S1,同一播期不同密度间,D1>D2>D3>D4,ND25品种S3播期D1密度产量最优,为1752.89 kg hm^(–2);QH34同一密度不同播期间,S1>S2>S3,同一播期不同密度间,D3>D2>D1>D4,QH34品种S1播期D3密度产量最优,为1538.64 kg hm^(–2)。因此,中晚熟品种应适当晚播,早熟品种应适当早播,多分枝品种适度稀植,少分枝品种适度密植,各品种通过播期、密度协同可提高大豆产量。展开更多
Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency,which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China.To elucidate the characteristics of different...Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency,which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China.To elucidate the characteristics of different planting patterns on crop nutrient uptake,soil chemical properties,and soil bacteria community in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems,we conducted a field experiment in 2015–2016 with single factor treatments,including monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(MS),maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and fallow(CK).The results showed that the N uptake of maize grain increased in IMS compared with MM.Compared with MS,the yield and uptake of N,P,and K of soybean grain were increased by 25.5,24.4,9.6,and 22.4%in IMS,respectively,while the N and K uptakes in soybean straw were decreased in IMS.The soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and soil organic matter contents were significantly higher in IMS than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.Moreover,the soil protease,soil urease,and soil nitrate reductase activities in IMS were higher than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Actinobacteria dominated in all treatments.Shannon’s index in IMS was higher than that of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phylum Proteobacteria proportion was positively correlated with maize soil organic matter and soybean soil total nitrogen content,respectively.These results indicated that the belowground interactions increased the crop nutrient(N and P)uptake and soil bacterial community diversity,both of which contributed to improved soil nutrient management for legume-cereal relay intercropping systems.展开更多
文摘基于西南地区油菜收获后大豆-玉米带状间作种植存在的弱光环境、品种和密度筛选等问题,选择2个不同熟期的品种南夏豆25号(ND25,中晚熟,多分枝)、齐黄34(QH34,早熟,少分枝),分析播期(2021年,S1:5月17日,S2:5月27日,S3:6月6日;2022年,S1:5月10日,S2:5月25日,S3:6月9日)及密度(D1:81,000株hm^(–2),D2:101,000株hm^(–2),D3:140,000株hm^(–2),D4:171,000株hm^(–2))对带状间作大豆茎叶生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明:同一密度,随着播期的推迟,2个品种始粒期的叶面积指数逐渐减小,冠层内部透光率逐渐增加,ND25对荚的分配比率逐渐增加,倒伏率逐渐降低,QH34对荚的分配比率逐渐减少,倒伏率逐渐增加;同一播期,随着密度的增加,2个品种始粒期的叶面积指数逐渐增加,透光率逐渐减小,对荚的干物质分配比率逐渐减少,倒伏率逐渐上升。光环境及干物质分配差异对不同品种的产量影响不同,ND25同一密度不同播期间,S3>S2>S1,同一播期不同密度间,D1>D2>D3>D4,ND25品种S3播期D1密度产量最优,为1752.89 kg hm^(–2);QH34同一密度不同播期间,S1>S2>S3,同一播期不同密度间,D3>D2>D1>D4,QH34品种S1播期D3密度产量最优,为1538.64 kg hm^(–2)。因此,中晚熟品种应适当晚播,早熟品种应适当早播,多分枝品种适度稀植,少分枝品种适度密植,各品种通过播期、密度协同可提高大豆产量。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671625, 31271669)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300202)
文摘Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency,which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China.To elucidate the characteristics of different planting patterns on crop nutrient uptake,soil chemical properties,and soil bacteria community in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems,we conducted a field experiment in 2015–2016 with single factor treatments,including monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(MS),maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and fallow(CK).The results showed that the N uptake of maize grain increased in IMS compared with MM.Compared with MS,the yield and uptake of N,P,and K of soybean grain were increased by 25.5,24.4,9.6,and 22.4%in IMS,respectively,while the N and K uptakes in soybean straw were decreased in IMS.The soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and soil organic matter contents were significantly higher in IMS than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.Moreover,the soil protease,soil urease,and soil nitrate reductase activities in IMS were higher than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Actinobacteria dominated in all treatments.Shannon’s index in IMS was higher than that of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phylum Proteobacteria proportion was positively correlated with maize soil organic matter and soybean soil total nitrogen content,respectively.These results indicated that the belowground interactions increased the crop nutrient(N and P)uptake and soil bacterial community diversity,both of which contributed to improved soil nutrient management for legume-cereal relay intercropping systems.
