气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨...气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨随机模型与水文模型的Copula-LM-HMS耦联模型,来模拟入库洪水并计算水库大坝洪水漫顶风险率。该模型通过Copula函数与拉丁超立方-蒙特卡罗抽样(Latin Hypercube-Monte Carlo Simulation)生成流域多组7日降雨数据,并通过变倍比放大法缩放处理得到相应降雨序列,利用HEC-HMS水文模型模拟洪水过程线并结合调洪演算得到坝前最高水位,同时考虑风浪作用来模拟台风情景下的库水位变化情况,计算大坝洪水漫顶风险率,并分析不同组合条件对洪水漫顶风险率的影响。余姚市四明湖水库实例分析表明,构建的Copula-LM-HMS耦合模型计算得到的拦河坝在未来台风情境下无漫顶风险,自溃坝最小漫顶风险为0.22%,最大漫顶风险达到2.68%;洪水漫顶风险与降雨分布及起调水位有关,同时风浪作用对洪水漫顶风险影响较大。基于耦合模型进行中小流域洪水漫顶风险率计算,不仅能考虑降雨系列之间的相关性、流域地形特征与实际调洪规则,还可延长无流量资料地区水库大坝应对台风情境下洪水风险的预报期,为保证水库大坝应对未来气候变化影响下的运行安全提供参考。展开更多
Background Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of bone with poor prognosis. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a member of the tumor necrosis factor （TNF） cytokine family....Background Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of bone with poor prognosis. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a member of the tumor necrosis factor （TNF） cytokine family. TRAIL induces apoptosis in various tumor cell lines but is not found to be cytotoxic to many normal cell types in vitro. We investigated the cytotoxic activity of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic agents, including methotrexate （MTX）, doxorubicin （DOX） and cisplatin （CDDP）, on established osteosarcoma cell line-OS-732. Methods OS-732 cells were incubated with chemotherapeutic agents MTX,DOX and CDDP at various peak plasma concentrations（PPC）, 0.1PPC,1PPC and 10PPC, alone or with 100 ng/ml of TRAIL for 24 hours or 48 hours. MTT was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of different agents on OS-732. The apoptosis proportion was assayed by flow cytometry. Cellular morphologic changes were observed by phase contrast microscope, scan electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Results The inhibitory rate was （24.438±3.414）% with TRAIL of 100 ng/ml for 24 hours. The cells were responsive to DOX and CDDP with a dose-effect relationship （P〈0.05）. In OS-732 cells, DOX and CDDP cooperated synergistically with TRAIL when incubated the cells with them for 24 hours （the combined inhibitory rate is （58.360±2.146）% and （54.101±-2.721）%, respectively）. TRAIL alone or drugs alone induced the apoptosis rate was less than 25% （P〈0.05）. However, the combination of TRAIL and MTX did not present synergistic effects on OS-732 cells （P〉0.05, compared with TRAIL alone）. Conclusions Osteosarcoma OS-732 cells were not responsive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. DOX and CDDP sensitize osteosarcoma OS-732 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The combination of TRAIL and MTX presented no synergistic effects on killing OS-732 cells.展开更多
文摘气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨随机模型与水文模型的Copula-LM-HMS耦联模型,来模拟入库洪水并计算水库大坝洪水漫顶风险率。该模型通过Copula函数与拉丁超立方-蒙特卡罗抽样(Latin Hypercube-Monte Carlo Simulation)生成流域多组7日降雨数据,并通过变倍比放大法缩放处理得到相应降雨序列,利用HEC-HMS水文模型模拟洪水过程线并结合调洪演算得到坝前最高水位,同时考虑风浪作用来模拟台风情景下的库水位变化情况,计算大坝洪水漫顶风险率,并分析不同组合条件对洪水漫顶风险率的影响。余姚市四明湖水库实例分析表明,构建的Copula-LM-HMS耦合模型计算得到的拦河坝在未来台风情境下无漫顶风险,自溃坝最小漫顶风险为0.22%,最大漫顶风险达到2.68%;洪水漫顶风险与降雨分布及起调水位有关,同时风浪作用对洪水漫顶风险影响较大。基于耦合模型进行中小流域洪水漫顶风险率计算,不仅能考虑降雨系列之间的相关性、流域地形特征与实际调洪规则,还可延长无流量资料地区水库大坝应对台风情境下洪水风险的预报期,为保证水库大坝应对未来气候变化影响下的运行安全提供参考。
文摘Background Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of bone with poor prognosis. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a member of the tumor necrosis factor （TNF） cytokine family. TRAIL induces apoptosis in various tumor cell lines but is not found to be cytotoxic to many normal cell types in vitro. We investigated the cytotoxic activity of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic agents, including methotrexate （MTX）, doxorubicin （DOX） and cisplatin （CDDP）, on established osteosarcoma cell line-OS-732. Methods OS-732 cells were incubated with chemotherapeutic agents MTX,DOX and CDDP at various peak plasma concentrations（PPC）, 0.1PPC,1PPC and 10PPC, alone or with 100 ng/ml of TRAIL for 24 hours or 48 hours. MTT was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of different agents on OS-732. The apoptosis proportion was assayed by flow cytometry. Cellular morphologic changes were observed by phase contrast microscope, scan electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Results The inhibitory rate was （24.438±3.414）% with TRAIL of 100 ng/ml for 24 hours. The cells were responsive to DOX and CDDP with a dose-effect relationship （P〈0.05）. In OS-732 cells, DOX and CDDP cooperated synergistically with TRAIL when incubated the cells with them for 24 hours （the combined inhibitory rate is （58.360±2.146）% and （54.101±-2.721）%, respectively）. TRAIL alone or drugs alone induced the apoptosis rate was less than 25% （P〈0.05）. However, the combination of TRAIL and MTX did not present synergistic effects on OS-732 cells （P〉0.05, compared with TRAIL alone）. Conclusions Osteosarcoma OS-732 cells were not responsive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. DOX and CDDP sensitize osteosarcoma OS-732 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The combination of TRAIL and MTX presented no synergistic effects on killing OS-732 cells.
