Liver X receptors and epididymal epithelium physiology

瞄准：在鼠科的附睾头在类脂化合物作文和基因表示规定调查肝 X 受体(LXR ) 的角色。LXR 是为 oxysterols 的原子受体，分子源于作为二 isoforms 在哺乳动物是在场的胆固醇新陈代谢：LXR α，是明确地在类脂化合物使物质替换纸巾表示的更多，脂肪质并且 steroidogenic 纸巾，和巨噬细胞，而 LXR β是无所不在的。在繁殖生理学的 Theirimportance 被两 LXR 的功能在被破坏了的雄的老鼠有富饶骚乱在 5 个月岁时开始的事实支撑了，导致到 9 个月的年龄的完全的绝育。这些缺点在头片断与 epididymalepithelial 退化被联系一和二，并且与一个精子中间的片脆弱，当钠满足时，导致孤立的精子头和毛虫的存在从附睾尾被恢复。方法：野类型的 andLXR 缺乏的老鼠的附睾头的类脂化合物作文用油红Ｏ在织物 cryosections 上染色被估计，类脂化合物抽取由高效液相色谱法或煤气的层析列在后面。基因表示被量的实时聚合酶链反应检查。结果：用 LXR 缺乏的鼠标，我们显示出附睾头的类脂化合物作文以及编码 SREBPlc， SCD1 和 SCD2 的基因的一个显著地减少的表达式的改变，在脂肪酸新陈代谢包含了。结论：总的来说， LXR 是重要管理者 ofepididymal 的这些结果表演工作，并且在成熟处理发生在精子附睾成熟期间的类脂化合物起一个关键作用。

睾丸后精子成熟，不育与高胆固醇血症

胆固醇是参与哺乳动物生理活动的重要分子，由于它是固醇类激素合成的通用前体物质，因而对生殖系统尤为重要。胆固醇不仅仅对于配子发生起到重要作用，它也是公认的精子功能的调节分子。胆固醇体内平衡的调节对睾丸后精子的成熟至关重要，胆固醇水平失衡会影响到睾丸后调控事件。代谢性脂质紊乱（血脂异常症）会影响男性的生育能力，但大多数这方面的研究是从内分泌/睾丸的角度进行探讨的，而这篇综述将关注像高胆固醇血症这样的特定血脂异常症在哺乳动物精子的睾丸后成熟过程中的有害影响。

The epididymal immune balance:a key to preserving male fertility

Up to 15%of male in fertility has an immuno logical origi n,either due to repetitive infections or to autoimmune resp on ses mainly affecting the epididymis,prostate,and testis.Clinical observations and epidemiological data clearly contradict the idea that the testis confers immune protection to the whole male genital tract.As a consequenee,the epididymis,in which posttesticular spermatozoa mature and are stored,has raised some in terest in recent years when it comes to its immune mecha nisms.In deed,sperm cells are produced at puberty,long after the establishment of self-toleranee,and they possess unique surface proteins that cannot be recognized as self.These are potential targets of the immune system,with the risk of inducing autoantibodies and consequently male infertility.Epididymal immunity is based on a finely tuned equilibrium between efficient immune responses to pathogens and strong tolerance to sperm cells.These processes rely on incompletely described molecules and cell types.This review compiles recent studies focusing on the immune cell types populating the epididymis,and proposes hypothetical models of the organization of epididymal immunity with a special emphasis on the immune response,while also discussing important aspects of the epididymal immune regulation such as tolerance and tumour control.