Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis:An Approach for Potwar Plateau(Northern Pakistan)

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for tectonogeomorphological analysis.Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units.This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data(SRTM-DEM) in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau.SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone(NPDZ) and southern Potwar platform zone(SPPZ).We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law.Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area.DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns.We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects.The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ.The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters and uplift rates suggest the distinctive deformation among eastern, central and western parts.The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within 1 km of radius.

Petrophysical relationship for density prediction using Vp & Vs in Meyal oilfield, Potwar sub-basin, Pakistan

Conventional petrophysical investigations are based on P-wave seismic velocity analysis to predict density information, while ignoring the important S-wave velocity. This study is based on S-wave velocity analysis of density estimation of Meyal Oil Field(Potwar Plateau, Pakistan), which reveals a very high correlation(R=0.87) between predicted and actual density. Since the availability of S-wave velocity(Vs) data increases, it's highly appreciable to take into account the contribution of Vs in improvement of density estimates. This investigation only focuses on driving new constants(a = 1.92 and b = 0.186) for Gardner's relationship to estimate density of pure carbonates(Vsh< 10%) in the study area, where the traditional model gave poorer density predictions. The proposed empirical expression with locally extracted unknowns from well log data proved its ability in terms of density prediction(showing very close agreement with measured densities) and best fitting the datasets at low as well as high density values when compared with Gardner's equation. Based on our analysis, the exploratory study neither intends to replace the well established density estimation models nor to extend information over what information can possibly be extractable from Vp. However, our research does stimulate the growing use of Vs and importance of local unknown constants especially in carbonates reservoir interval to avoid misuse of most widely used Gardner relation in all geological settings.

Chen’s Inequalities for Submanifolds in (<i>&kgreen;, &#181</i>)-Contact Space Form with a Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connection

In this paper, we obtain Chen’s inequalities in (k,?μ)-contact space form with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection. Also we obtain the inequalites for Ricci and K-Ricci curvatures.

Improving Queuing System Throughput Using Distributed Mean Value Analysis to Control Network Congestion

In this paper, we have used the distributed mean value analysis (DMVA) technique with the help of random observe property (ROP) and palm probabilities to improve the network queuing system throughput. In such networks, where finding the complete communication path from source to destination, especially when these nodes are not in the same region while sending data between two nodes. So, an algorithm is developed for single and multi-server centers which give more interesting and successful results. The network is designed by a closed queuing network model and we will use mean value analysis to determine the network throughput (b) for its different values. For certain chosen values of parameters involved in this model, we found that the maximum network throughput for &beta;≥0.7?remains consistent in a single server case, while in multi-server case for &beta;≥ 0.5?throughput surpass the Marko chain queuing system.

Improving Network Efficiency by Selecting and Modifying Congestion Control Constraints

Congestion in wired networks not only causes severe information loss but also degrades overall network performance. To cope with the issue of network efficiency, in this paper we have pro- posed and investigated an efficient mechanism for congestion control by the selection of appropri- ate congestion window size and proactive congestion avoidance, which improves system overall performance and efficiency. The main objective of this work is to choose the accurate size of con- gestion window based on available link bandwidth and round trip time (RTT) in cross and grid topologies, instead of choosing number of hops (Previous researches), we have achieved significant improvement in the overall performance of the network. General simulation results under distinctive congestion scenarios are presented to illuminate the distinguished performance of the proposed mechanism.

A methachromatic-based experimental model for identification of bowel as the focus of an acute inflammation

Diarrhea is the most common symptom of acute inflammation in gastrointestinal tract and the patients are isolated in order to inhibit transmission and to conduct investigations. Yet there is no standard test to distinguish gastrointestinal infection from more generalized diseases at admittance which might cause delay in therapy. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced upon injury by mesenchymal cells. On the contrary to chronic inflammation, HGF produced in the course of acute inflammation is biologically active and shows binding affinity to heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and dextran sulphate (DS). Based on this phenomenon, an agarose gel containing DS was prepared and immobilized on loops to investigate the feces samples for the presence or absence of growth factors such as HGF with affinity to DS. The study is conducted as a clinical evaluation of an experimental model to distinguish acute infectious gastroenteritis from other causes of diarrhea. 656 fecal samples gathered consequently from patients seeking for bowel disturbances and healthy were tested by the test and the medical reports were investigated. Upon interaction with DS, methylene blue changes color to pink. This phenomenon was inhibited by HGF and converted by addition of anti-HGF antibodies to the samples. The test distinguished acute infectious gastroenteritis with high sensitivity and specificity (96% and 92% respectively) from other causes of diarrhea. We introduce a metachromatic experimental model that might distinguish acute inflammation in alimentary tract from other causes of diarrhea. This model might be used in developing rapid diagnostic tests.

High concentration but low biological activity of hepatocyte growth factor in patients with chronic renal failure

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a renotropic, antifibrotic and regenerative factor with cytoprotective effects that is produced by mesenchymal cells and shows high affinity to components of extra cellular matrix, such as heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HS-PG), in healthy. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) suffer from a chronic inflammatory disorder. In order to assess the underlying mechanisms for development of CRF we aimed to assess the amounts and affinity of HGF in this patient group. Elisa, western blot and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to study HGF in blood samples, as well as in isolated neutrophils, in CRF patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with CRF showed higher HGF levels in serum (P P < 0.0001), compared to healthy controls. Addition of protease inhibitors decreased the difference between patients with CRF compared to healthy individuals. HGF with potent regenerative function during injury lacks affinity to HSPG in patients with CRF that may depend on production of proteases from activated immune cells. This information might be used to highlight underlying mechanisms for chronicity and leading to new strategies for treatment of chronic injuries.

Heat transfer analysis of MHD rotating flow of Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles through a stretchable surface

The flow of a magnetite-H_(2)O nanofluid has been considered among two rotating surfaces,assuming porosity in the upper plate.Furthermore,the lower surface is considered to move with variable speed to induce the forced convection.Centripetal as well as Coriolis forces impacting on the rotating fluid are likewise taken into account.Adequate conversions are employed for the transformation of the governing partial-differential equations into a group of non-dimensional ordinary-differential formulas.Numerical solution of the converted expressions is gained by means of the shooting technique.It is theoretically found that the nanofluid has less skin friction and advanced heat transport rate when compared with the base fluid.The effect of rotation causes the drag force to elevate and reduces the heat transport rate.Streamlines are portrayed to reveal the impact of injection/suction.