Simultaneous operation of dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization and methanol reforming reactions over Pd promoted alumina based catalysts

In the current study simultaneous reactions of hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) and reforming of methanol in a micro-autoclave reactor were studied over bi-metallic(Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3) and tri-metallic(Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3) catalyst systems which were prepared by incipient impregnation method.In situ hydrogen utilization and low Pd loadings were the major targets of this study.For comparison purpose,catalytic activity was separately determined for both the methanol reforming and HDS of DBT reactions as well.Ni based catalysts were confirmed with better activity than Co ones for both the reactions with Pd promoted ones ranking at the top i.e.Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 > Co-Mo/Al2O3 where Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 showed 91% DBT conversion at 380 ℃ and 12 h reaction time.Some of the selected organic additives on catalytic activity were tested for their effect toward HDS reaction which was unique with close relation to their chemical nature.Reaction products were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed via HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively which helped in elucidating reaction mechanism.

QTL detection and candidate gene analysis of grape white rot resistance by interspecific grape (Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis davidii Foex.) crossing

Grape white rot,a devastating disease of grapevines caused by Coniella diplodiella(Speg.)Sacc.,leads to significant yield losses in grape.Breeding grape cultivars resistant to white rot is essential to reduce the regular use of chemical treatments.In recent years,Chinese grape species have gained more attention for grape breeding due to their high tolerance to various biotic and abiotic factors along with changing climatic conditions.In this study,we employed whole-genome resequencing(WGR)to genotype the parents of‘Manicure Finger’(Vitis vinifera,female)and‘0940’(Vitis davidii,male),along with 101 F1 mapping population individuals,thereby constructing a linkage genetic map.The linkage map contained 9337 single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with an average marker distance of 0.3 cM.After 3 years of phenotypic evaluation of the progeny for white rot resistance,we confirmed one stable quantitative trait locus(QTL)for white rot resistance on chromosome 3,explaining up to 17.9%of the phenotypic variation.For this locus,we used RNA-seq to detect candidate gene expression and identified PR1 as a candidate gene involved in white rot resistance.Finally,we demonstrated that recombinant PR1 protein could inhibit the growth of C.diplodiella and that overexpression of PR1 in susceptible V.vinifera increased grape resistance to the pathogen.

Saponins and solvent extracts from Atriplex laciniata L. exhibited high anthelmintic and insecticidal activities

OBJECTIVE: To investigate saponins and various solvent extracts from Atriplex laciniata(A. laciniata)against human parasites and various pests.METHODS: The samples from A. laciniata used in the activities were crude saponins(Al.Sp F) and solvent samples including methanolic extract(Al.Me F), ethyl acetate(Al.Ea F), choloroform(Al.Cf F),n-hexane(Al.Hx F) and water residual(Al.Wt F). Anthelmintic potentials of the samples were analyzed against Pheretima posthuma(earthworms) and Ascaridia galli(round worms) using contact toxicity method. Insecticidal activities were performed against Heterotermes indicola(termite), Monomorium pharaonis(pharaoh ant), Tribolium castaneum(flour beetle) and Rhyzopertha dominica(grain borer) using standard protocols.RESULTS: In anthelmintic assay, Al.Cf F and Al.Sp F were most effective against P. posthuma and A. gal-li with average death times of 25.62 and 29.65 min respectively. Likewise the anthelmintic assay, Al.Sp F and Al.Cf F were most effective against H. indicola causing 90.36% and 73.24% lethality respectively. Furthermore, in anti-Pharaoh activity Al.Sp F, Al.Wt F, Al.Cf F, Al.Me F and Al.Cf F exhibited highest activity with LD50 of 78, 220, 260, 330 and > 800 mg/m L respectively. Al.Sp F and Al.Cf F were highly effective against R. dominica causing 80.11% and71.30% lethality respectively. Al.Sp F was found most active against T. castaneum.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the Al.Sp F, Al.Cf F and Al.Wt F extracted from A.laciniata L.may be the best options for the isolation of anthelmintic and bio-insecticidal compounds.