Background As a novel approach for people to directly communicate with an external device,the study of brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)has become well-rounded.However,similar to the real-world scenario,where individual...Background As a novel approach for people to directly communicate with an external device,the study of brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)has become well-rounded.However,similar to the real-world scenario,where individuals are expected to work in groups,the BCI systems should be able to replicate group attributes.Methods We proposed a 4-order cumulants feature extraction method(CUM4-CSP)based on the common spatial patterns(CSP)algorithm.Simulation experiments conducted using motion visual evoked potentials(mVEP)EEG data verified the robustness of the proposed algorithm.In addition,to freely choose paradigms,we adopted the mVEP and steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)paradigms and designed a multimodal collaborative BCI system based on the proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm.The feasibility of the proposed multimodal collaborative system framework was demonstrated using a multiplayer game controlling system that simultaneously facilitates the coordination and competitive control of two users on external devices.To verify the robustness of the proposed scheme,we recruited 30 subjects to conduct online game control experiments,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The simulation results prove that the proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm has good noise immunity.The online experimental results indicate that the subjects could reliably perform the game confrontation operation with the selected BCI paradigm.Conclusions The proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm can effectively extract features from EEG data in a noisy environment.Additionally,the proposed scheme may provide a new solution for EEG-based group BCI research.展开更多
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK...Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK2.6 influence each other. The persulfidation of cysteine C131/C137 altered SnRK2.6 structure, resulted in serine S175 residue more close to aspartic acid D140, who belong to ATP-γ-phosphate proton acceptor may effectively improve the transfer efficiency of phosphate groups to S175, thus persulfidation enhanced the phosphorylation level of S175. S267 and C137 were predicted to lie in close proximity on the protein surface. The phosphorylation status of S267 positively regulated the persulfidation level at C137. Tests of responses of dephosphorylated and depersulfidated mutants to ABA and the H2S-donor NaHS during stomatal closure, water loss, gas-exchange, Ca2+ influx and drought stress revealed that S175/S267-associated phosphorylation and C131/137-associated persulfidation are essential for SnRK2.6 function in vivo. Taken together, we propose a mechanistic model in which certain phosphorylations facilitate persulfidation, which changes SnRK2.6 structure and increases its activity.展开更多
The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to solve the stretchability-conductivity dilemma,which remains a major challenge.Herein,we report a nano-liquid metal(LM)-based highl...The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to solve the stretchability-conductivity dilemma,which remains a major challenge.Herein,we report a nano-liquid metal(LM)-based highly robust stretchable electrode(NHSE)with a self-adaptable interface that mimics water-tonet interaction.Based on the in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nanofiber scaffolds and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles,the NHSE exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 52 mΩsq^(-1).It is not only insensitive to a large degree of mechanical stretching(i.e.,350%electrical resistance change upon 570%elongation)but also immune to cyclic deformation(i.e.,5%electrical resistance increases after 330000 stretching cycles with 100%elongation).These key properties are far superior to those of the state-of-the-art reports.Its robustness and stability are verified under diverse circumstances,including long-term exposure to air(420 days),cyclic submersion(30000 times),and resilience against mechanical damages.The combination of conductivity,stretchability,and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution for flexible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable on-body physiological signal detection,human-machine interaction,and heating e-skin.展开更多
Dear Editor,Neuroticism,a crucial dimension of human personality,fluctuates from emotional stability to instability[1].Compared to those with emotional stability,individuals with emotional instability show stronger at...Dear Editor,Neuroticism,a crucial dimension of human personality,fluctuates from emotional stability to instability[1].Compared to those with emotional stability,individuals with emotional instability show stronger attentional bias to negative stimuli,lower life satisfaction,and tend to perform poorly(i.e.,fewer correct responses)in cognitive tasks.For instance,individuals with different emotional stabilities experience distinct decision-making responses,especially when facing inequity,as the unfairness induces typical conflict between self-interest and fairness[2].展开更多
Gallium-based liquid metal has gained significant attention in conformal flexible electronics due to its high electrical conductivity,intrinsic deformability,and biocompatibility.However,the fabrication of large-area ...Gallium-based liquid metal has gained significant attention in conformal flexible electronics due to its high electrical conductivity,intrinsic deformability,and biocompatibility.However,the fabrication of large-area and highly uniform conformal liquid metal films remains challenging.Interfacial self-assembly has emerged as a promising method,but traditional approaches face difficulties in assembling liquid metal particles.Here,we realized the multi-size universal self-assembly(MUS)for liquid metal particles with various diameters(<500μm).By implementing a z-axis undisturbed interfacial material releasing strategy,the interference of gravitational energy on the stability of floating particles is avoided,enabling the fabrication of ultra-conformable monolayer films with large areas(>100 cm^(2))and high floating yield(50–90%).Moreover,the films can be conformally transferred onto complex surfaces such as human skin,allowing for the fabrication of substrate-free flexible devices.This eliminates interference from traditional substrate mechanical responses,making the liquid metal e-tattoo more user-friendly.展开更多
Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure...Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure and functional responses,how the structural–functional circuits interact and how genes encode the relationships,to deepen our knowledge of human cognition and disease,are still unclear.Here,we propose a multimodal covariance network(MCN)construction approach to capture interregional covarying of the structural skeleton and transient functional activities for a single individual.We further explored the potential association between brain-wide gene expression patterns and structural–functional covarying in individuals involved in a gambling task and individuals with major depression disorder(MDD),adopting multimodal data from a publicly available human brain transcriptomic atlas and 2 independent cohorts.MCN analysis showed a replicable cortical structural–functional fine map in healthy individuals,and the expression of cognition-and disease phenotype-related genes was found to be spatially correlated with the corresponding MCN differences.Further analysis of cell type-specific signature genes suggests that the excitatory and inhibitory neuron transcriptomic changes could account for most of the observed correlation with task-evoked MCN differences.展开更多
Motor imagery brain–computer interfaces(MI-BCIs)have great potential value in prosthetics control,neurorehabilitation,and gaming;however,currently,most such systems only operate in controlled laboratory environments....Motor imagery brain–computer interfaces(MI-BCIs)have great potential value in prosthetics control,neurorehabilitation,and gaming;however,currently,most such systems only operate in controlled laboratory environments.One of the most important obstacles is the MI-BCI inefficiency phenomenon.The accuracy of MI-BCI control varies significantly(from chance level to 100%accuracy)across subjects due to the not easily induced and unstable MI-related EEG features.An MI-BCI inefficient subject is defined as a subject who cannot achieve greater than 70%accuracy after sufficient training time,and multiple survey results indicate that inefficient subjects account for 10%–50%of the experimental population.The widespread use of MI-BCI has been seriously limited due to these large percentages of inefficient subjects.In this review,we summarize recent findings of the cause of MI-BCI inefficiency from resting-state brain function,task-related brain activity,brain structure,and psychological perspectives.These factors help understand the reasons for inter-subject MI-BCI control performance variability,and it can be concluded that the lower resting-state sensorimotor rhythm(SMR)is the key factor in MI-BCI inefficiency,which has been confirmed by multiple independent laboratories.We then propose to divide MI-BCI inefficient subjects into three categories according to the resting-state SMR and offline/online accuracy to apply more accurate approaches to solve the inefficiency problem.The potential solutions include developing transfer learning algorithms,new experimental paradigms,mindfulness meditation practice,novel training strategies,and identifying new motor imagery-related EEG features.To date,few studies have focused on improving the control accuracy of MI-BCI inefficient subjects;thus,we appeal to the BCI community to focus more on this research area.Only by reducing the percentage of inefficient subjects can we create the opportunity to expand the value and influence of MI-BCI.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2082,61961160705,61901077)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFB1002501)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B030339001).
文摘Background As a novel approach for people to directly communicate with an external device,the study of brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)has become well-rounded.However,similar to the real-world scenario,where individuals are expected to work in groups,the BCI systems should be able to replicate group attributes.Methods We proposed a 4-order cumulants feature extraction method(CUM4-CSP)based on the common spatial patterns(CSP)algorithm.Simulation experiments conducted using motion visual evoked potentials(mVEP)EEG data verified the robustness of the proposed algorithm.In addition,to freely choose paradigms,we adopted the mVEP and steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)paradigms and designed a multimodal collaborative BCI system based on the proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm.The feasibility of the proposed multimodal collaborative system framework was demonstrated using a multiplayer game controlling system that simultaneously facilitates the coordination and competitive control of two users on external devices.To verify the robustness of the proposed scheme,we recruited 30 subjects to conduct online game control experiments,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The simulation results prove that the proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm has good noise immunity.The online experimental results indicate that the subjects could reliably perform the game confrontation operation with the selected BCI paradigm.Conclusions The proposed CUM4-CSP algorithm can effectively extract features from EEG data in a noisy environment.Additionally,the proposed scheme may provide a new solution for EEG-based group BCI research.
基金This work was supported by the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JZ-14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31700445)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M641022)。
文摘Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK2.6 influence each other. The persulfidation of cysteine C131/C137 altered SnRK2.6 structure, resulted in serine S175 residue more close to aspartic acid D140, who belong to ATP-γ-phosphate proton acceptor may effectively improve the transfer efficiency of phosphate groups to S175, thus persulfidation enhanced the phosphorylation level of S175. S267 and C137 were predicted to lie in close proximity on the protein surface. The phosphorylation status of S267 positively regulated the persulfidation level at C137. Tests of responses of dephosphorylated and depersulfidated mutants to ABA and the H2S-donor NaHS during stomatal closure, water loss, gas-exchange, Ca2+ influx and drought stress revealed that S175/S267-associated phosphorylation and C131/137-associated persulfidation are essential for SnRK2.6 function in vivo. Taken together, we propose a mechanistic model in which certain phosphorylations facilitate persulfidation, which changes SnRK2.6 structure and increases its activity.
文摘The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to solve the stretchability-conductivity dilemma,which remains a major challenge.Herein,we report a nano-liquid metal(LM)-based highly robust stretchable electrode(NHSE)with a self-adaptable interface that mimics water-tonet interaction.Based on the in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nanofiber scaffolds and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles,the NHSE exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 52 mΩsq^(-1).It is not only insensitive to a large degree of mechanical stretching(i.e.,350%electrical resistance change upon 570%elongation)but also immune to cyclic deformation(i.e.,5%electrical resistance increases after 330000 stretching cycles with 100%elongation).These key properties are far superior to those of the state-of-the-art reports.Its robustness and stability are verified under diverse circumstances,including long-term exposure to air(420 days),cyclic submersion(30000 times),and resilience against mechanical damages.The combination of conductivity,stretchability,and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution for flexible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable on-body physiological signal detection,human-machine interaction,and heating e-skin.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61961160705,U19A2082,and 61901077)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFB1002501)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B030339001)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao Special Administrative Region,China(0045/2019/AFJ).
文摘Dear Editor,Neuroticism,a crucial dimension of human personality,fluctuates from emotional stability to instability[1].Compared to those with emotional stability,individuals with emotional instability show stronger attentional bias to negative stimuli,lower life satisfaction,and tend to perform poorly(i.e.,fewer correct responses)in cognitive tasks.For instance,individuals with different emotional stabilities experience distinct decision-making responses,especially when facing inequity,as the unfairness induces typical conflict between self-interest and fairness[2].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(552127803,51931011,51971233,62174165,M-0152,U20A6001,U1909215 and 52105286)External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(174433KYSB20190038,174433KYSB20200013)+8 种基金K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-11)the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YJKYYQ20200030)Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2018334)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C01032)Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program(2021C01183)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD22E010002)Ningbo Scientific and Technological Innovation 2025 Major Project(2019B10127,2020Z022)Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project(LGG20F010006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693249).
文摘Gallium-based liquid metal has gained significant attention in conformal flexible electronics due to its high electrical conductivity,intrinsic deformability,and biocompatibility.However,the fabrication of large-area and highly uniform conformal liquid metal films remains challenging.Interfacial self-assembly has emerged as a promising method,but traditional approaches face difficulties in assembling liquid metal particles.Here,we realized the multi-size universal self-assembly(MUS)for liquid metal particles with various diameters(<500μm).By implementing a z-axis undisturbed interfacial material releasing strategy,the interference of gravitational energy on the stability of floating particles is avoided,enabling the fabrication of ultra-conformable monolayer films with large areas(>100 cm^(2))and high floating yield(50–90%).Moreover,the films can be conformally transferred onto complex surfaces such as human skin,allowing for the fabrication of substrate-free flexible devices.This eliminates interference from traditional substrate mechanical responses,making the liquid metal e-tattoo more user-friendly.
基金the STI 2030-Major Projects(#2022ZD0208500,#2022ZD02114000,and#2022ZD0208900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#62103085,#61961160705,#U19A2082,and#62006197)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(file no.0045/2019/AFJ)the Key R&D Projects of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(#23ZDYF0961)the Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital(#2021LY21).
文摘Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure and functional responses,how the structural–functional circuits interact and how genes encode the relationships,to deepen our knowledge of human cognition and disease,are still unclear.Here,we propose a multimodal covariance network(MCN)construction approach to capture interregional covarying of the structural skeleton and transient functional activities for a single individual.We further explored the potential association between brain-wide gene expression patterns and structural–functional covarying in individuals involved in a gambling task and individuals with major depression disorder(MDD),adopting multimodal data from a publicly available human brain transcriptomic atlas and 2 independent cohorts.MCN analysis showed a replicable cortical structural–functional fine map in healthy individuals,and the expression of cognition-and disease phenotype-related genes was found to be spatially correlated with the corresponding MCN differences.Further analysis of cell type-specific signature genes suggests that the excitatory and inhibitory neuron transcriptomic changes could account for most of the observed correlation with task-evoked MCN differences.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.61603344,No.61961160705,No.#U19A2082)the Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(Project No.16A120008)
文摘Motor imagery brain–computer interfaces(MI-BCIs)have great potential value in prosthetics control,neurorehabilitation,and gaming;however,currently,most such systems only operate in controlled laboratory environments.One of the most important obstacles is the MI-BCI inefficiency phenomenon.The accuracy of MI-BCI control varies significantly(from chance level to 100%accuracy)across subjects due to the not easily induced and unstable MI-related EEG features.An MI-BCI inefficient subject is defined as a subject who cannot achieve greater than 70%accuracy after sufficient training time,and multiple survey results indicate that inefficient subjects account for 10%–50%of the experimental population.The widespread use of MI-BCI has been seriously limited due to these large percentages of inefficient subjects.In this review,we summarize recent findings of the cause of MI-BCI inefficiency from resting-state brain function,task-related brain activity,brain structure,and psychological perspectives.These factors help understand the reasons for inter-subject MI-BCI control performance variability,and it can be concluded that the lower resting-state sensorimotor rhythm(SMR)is the key factor in MI-BCI inefficiency,which has been confirmed by multiple independent laboratories.We then propose to divide MI-BCI inefficient subjects into three categories according to the resting-state SMR and offline/online accuracy to apply more accurate approaches to solve the inefficiency problem.The potential solutions include developing transfer learning algorithms,new experimental paradigms,mindfulness meditation practice,novel training strategies,and identifying new motor imagery-related EEG features.To date,few studies have focused on improving the control accuracy of MI-BCI inefficient subjects;thus,we appeal to the BCI community to focus more on this research area.Only by reducing the percentage of inefficient subjects can we create the opportunity to expand the value and influence of MI-BCI.