Basal defense is enhanced in a wheat cultivar resistant to Fusarium head blight

Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.

Mechanism of high Li-ion conductivity in poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network based electrolyte revealed by solid-state NMR

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have become increasingly important in advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their improved safety and mechanical properties compared to organic liquid electrolytes.Cross-linked polymers have the potential to further improve the mechanical property without trading off Li-ion conductivity.In this study,focusing on a recently developed cross-linked SPE,i.e.,the one based on poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network(PVCN),we used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques to investigate the fundamental interaction between the chain segments and Li ions,as well as the lithium-ion motion.By utilizing homonuclear/heteronuclear correlation,CP(cross-polarization)kinetics,and spin-lattice relaxation experiments,etc.,we revealed the structural characteristics and their relations to lithium-ion mobilities.It is found that the network formation prevents poly(ethylene oxide)chains from crystallization,which could create sufficient space for segmental tumbling and Li-ion co nductio n.As such,the mechanical property is greatly improved with even higher Li-ion mobilities compared to the poly(vinylene carbonate)or poly(ethylene oxide)based SPE analogues.

Milling degree affects the fermentation properties of rice:perspectives from the composition of nutrients and gut microbiota via in vitro fermentation

Fermentation substrates of rice with different milling degrees(MDs) were prepared and fermented with human feces to compare their fermentation properties and effects on gut microbiota.MD 0s,MD 5s and MD 60s represented brown rice,moderately-milled rice and white rice,respectively.After in vitro fermentation,the MD 5s group showed higher starch utilization,compared with the MD 0s and 60s groups evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and confocal laser scanning microscope.Effects of fermentation substrates of rice with different MDs on gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rDNA sequencing.All the sample groups reduced the pH and produced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids.The MD 5s group exhibited higher α-diversity than the MD 0s and 60s groups.Abundances of Phascolarctobacterium,Blautia and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae were higher in the MD 0s and 5s groups,compared with the MD 60s group.These bacteria were also positively correlated with the SCFAs production via Spearman correlation analysis.In vitro culture assay revealed that fermentation substrates of MD 0s and 5s promoted the growth of two probiotics(Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium adolescentis).Our results showed that moderate milling might be an appropriate way to produce rice products with richer nutrients and better fermentation properties.

Mucosa color and size may indicate malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal neoplastic polyps

BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism reprogramming is suspected to exist in pre-cancerous lesions,including colorectal adenoma.Screening colonoscopy frequently reveals chicken skin mucosa(CSM;white or yellow-white speckled mucosa)surrounding colo-rectal polyps,caused by macrophages engulfing and accumulating the lipids decomposed by colon cells or adjacent tumors.CSM-positive colorectal polyps are associated with various diseases;however,their prognosis varies greatly.Cold snare polypectomy is commonly used to resect lesions up to 10 to 15 mm in diameter without signs of submucosal invasion but is controversial for CSM-positive colorectal polyps.Improved imaging is required to diagnose and treat CSM-positive colorectal polyps.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 177 patients with CSM-positive colorectal polyps diagnosed using endoscopy.All patient-related information was extracted from the Goldisc soft-clinic DICOM system or electronic medical record system.Based on the pathological results,patients were classified as non-neoplastic polyps(five juvenile polyps),neoplastic polyps,non-invasive high-grade neoplasia(NHGN),or submucosal invasive carcinoma(SM stage cancer).We analyzed and compared the clinical features,suspected risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps,and early infiltration of sub-mucosal carcinoma.RESULTS The diameters of NHGN and SM polyps were much smaller than those of neoplastic polyps.Most NHGN polyps had a deeper red mucosal color.On logistic regression analyses,diameter and deeper red mucosal color were independent risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps.Type 1 CSM was more common in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and SM;type 2 CSM was more common in neoplastic polyps.Logistic regression analyses revealed no significant differences in the malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps or early submucosal invasion of CSM-positive colorectal cancer.Changes in the CSM mucosa surrounding neoplastic polyps and submucosal invasion of colorectal cancer disappeared within 12 months.No tumor recurrence was found during either partial or complete endoscopic resection of the CSM.CONCLUSION CSM-positive colorectal polyps>1 cm in diameter or with deeper red mucosa may be related to NHGN.Resection of CSM surrounding colorectal adenomas did not affect tumor recurrence.

Application of Structured Health Education and Combined 5A Nursing Model in Self-control of Vulnerable Chronic Diseases: Take Coronary Heart Disease as an Example

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of the Structured Health Education course and 5A nursing model for self-control of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Using the random sampling method,124 elderly CAD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The control group line routine health education,experimental group take structured health education combined with 5A nursing before and after the intervention using a coronary heart disease assessment questionnaire,coronary heart disease self-control scale evaluation of two groups of intervention,compare two groups before and after intervention blood pressure,blood sugar,body mass index,lipid index level and complications within 8 months after discharge.Results:After the course intervention,the disease cognition and self-behavior of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.1).Conclusion:This course is suitable for elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The 5A model improves the cognitive and management ability of elderly patients to a certain extent,which is worthy of clinical application.

Malignancy risk factors and prognostic variables of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs)represent one of the precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,and their detection has been facilitated by advances in preoperative imaging.Due primarily to the rarity of MCNs,however,there is limited knowledge regarding the prognostic variables and high-risk factors for malignant transformation.A more comprehensive and nuanced approach is necessary to fill this gap and provide a basis for improved treatment decisions and patient outcomes.AIM To investigate the high-risk factors associated with malignant MCNs and to explore the prognostic factors of MCN with associated invasive carcinoma(MCNAIC).METHODS All cases of resected MCNs from a single high-volume institution between January 2012 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Only cases with ovarian-type stroma verified by progesterone receptor staining were included.Preoperative features,histological findings and postoperative course were documented.Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate variables related to malignancy.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curve,and the prognostic factors were assessed to evaluate the postoperative course of patients with MCN-AIC.RESULTS Among the 48 patients,36 had benign MCNs,and 12 had malignant MCNs(1 high-grade atypical hyperplasia and 11 MCN-AIC).Age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules and pancreatic duct dilatation were identified as independent risk factors associated with malignancy.The follow-up period ranged from 12 mo to 120 mo,with a median overall survival of 58.2 mo.Only three patients with MCN-AIC died,and the 5-year survival rate was 70.1%.All 11 cases of MCN-AIC were stage I,and extracapsular invasion was identified as a prognostic factor for poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION The risk factors independently associated with malignant transformation of MCNs included age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules,and pancreatic duct dilatation.Our study also revealed that encapsulated invasion was a favourable prognostic factor in MCN-AIC patients.

水培生菜中锶的迁移富集及其生理影响

目的:研究锶(Sr)在生菜中的迁移富集情况,以及Sr对生菜吸收其他主要营养元素、生菜鲜质量和叶绿素的影响,定量分析Sr在生菜组织中的分布。方法:采用水培方式培养生菜,设置1个对照组(不添加Sr)和5个Sr处理组(0.1、0.5、1、5和10 mmol/L)。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测生菜茎叶和根组织中Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、P、S和Sr元素的含量,采用叶绿素测定仪检测生菜的叶绿素相对含量,扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)分析生菜叶片和根部组织细胞中Sr的分布。结果:生菜茎叶中的Ca、S、Sr和根中Sr的质量分数在不同浓度Sr处理组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,S的迁移系数(TF)低于对照组(P<0.05);随Sr处理浓度的增加,Sr的TF值降低。5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,水培液中S的浓度与对照组相比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下生菜的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生菜组织中Sr的质量百分比分布大致为:叶表保卫细胞>表皮,叶横切面叶肉≈表皮,根横切面表皮>中柱鞘>韧皮部。结论:Sr在生菜根部的质量分数大于茎叶部分;Sr处理浓度的增加,使得从生菜根部向叶片迁移的Sr占比降低,并且生菜根部S的质量百分比增加,叶片的SPAD值增加;生菜根部吸收的Sr主要固定在根部的表皮。

不同性别早发急性冠脉综合征患者危险因素及病变特点分析

目的:探讨不同性别早发急性冠脉综合征(PACS)患者的危险因素及病变特点。方法:选择上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院心内科2016年1月至2019年1月收治的PACS患者338例,按性别分为男性组(195例)和女性组(143例),比较两组患者的基线资料、ACS分型、实验室检查指标、冠状动脉病变以及心脏结构变化情况。结果:与男性组比较,女性组年龄、糖尿病、脑梗死、不稳定型心绞痛比例、HDL-C、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白A1/B水平显著升高,BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、心肌梗死史、STEMI、NSTEMI比例,TG水平显著降低,P<0.05或<0.01;女性组单支病变比例(30.3%比40.6%)显著升高,左回旋支病变(56.9%比43.4%)、左室舒张末内径增大(6.2%比1.4%)和室间隔厚度增厚比例(16.9%比8.4%)显著降低,P均<0.05。结论:早发急性冠脉综合征患者中,男性吸烟率、TG水平显著升高,而女性患者脑梗死比例、HDL-C水平显著升高,左回旋支病变比例显著降低。两者之间存在显著差异。

核糖核酸标准物质研制与应用进展

核糖核酸(RNA)标准物质是保证核酸体外诊断数据准确一致的重要实物标准,广泛用于病毒类疾病的检测、仪器校准、试剂盒评价及能力验证等工作中,其目的是保证测量过程和测量结果的准确一致。自1997年,WHO研制出了首个针对核酸扩增技术的丙型肝炎核酸国际标准物质,使全球不同实验室、不同方法检测的结果有了可比性。截至2023年,中国在国家标准物质资源共享平台发布的RNA有证标准物质有近百种,对于RNA标准物质的研究与应用,日益受到世界各国计量机构、相关国际学术组织与企业的重视,尤其是新型冠状病毒疫情暴发后,RNA标准物质成为了生物标准物质的研制热点。随着标准物质研制技术的不断发展,标准物质的量值准确性也有所提升,为测量结果的准确一致提供保障。通过对当前RNA标准物质的制备方法、分装、定值技术、不确定度评定及应用领域进行综述,为RNA标准物质的研制工作以及未来在临床医学、农业生产、动物医学、食品安全等领域的应用提供参考。

忧郁的解剖:《理想国》论僭主

《理想国》将僭主刻画为一位忧郁症患者,这一事实尚未引起足够的注意。公元前5—4世纪的医学、哲学文献中,“忧郁”一词包含沮丧恐惧和兴奋狂躁的双重面向,与柏拉图对僭主生活的描绘相一致。《理想国》8、9两卷中对政体变迁的深入分析,为理解僭主式人格的“忧郁”提供了钥匙。与通常的理解不同,寡头式、民主式和僭主式人格并非三种不同欲望分别统治灵魂的形态,而是灵魂中统治秩序的逐渐崩溃。结合柏拉图的形而上学学说,上述崩溃是“限度”逐渐减少、“无限者”逐渐增加的过程。最佳政体包含最完美的几何比例或“限度”;随着“限度”的逐步减少,每一政体都比前一政体在更大程度上包含“无限者”。僭主式人格即灵魂中“限度”消失,落入纯粹的“无限者”状态。正是这一状态解释了僭主式人格的双面特征。

Mechanical and Permeability Analysis and Optimization of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete Based on Response Surface Method

In this paper,the effects of different influencing factors and factor interaction on the compressive strength and permeability of recycled aggregate pervious concrete(RAPC)were studied based on the response surface method(RSM).By selecting the maximum aggregate size,water cement ratio and target porosity as design variables,combined with laboratory tests and numerical analysis,the influences of three factors on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC were revealed.The regression equation of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of recycled aggregate pervious concrete were established based on RSM,and the response surface model was optimized to determine the optimal ratio of RAPC under the conditions of meeting the mechanical and permeability properties.The results show that the mismatch item of the model is not significant,the model is credible,and the accuracy and reliability of the test are high,but the degree of uncorrelation between the test data and the model is not obvious.The sensitivity of the three factors to the compressive strength is water cement ratio>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>target porosity,and the sensitivity to the permeability coefficient is target porosity>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>water cement ratio.The absolute errors of the model prediction results and the model optimization results are 1.28 MPa and 0.19 mm/s,and the relative errors are 5.06%and 4.19%,respectively.With high accuracy,RSM can match the measured results of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC.

Bubble nucleation in spherical liquid cavity wrapped by elastic medium

According to classical nucleation theory, gas nuclei can generate and grow into a cavitation bubble when the liquid pressure exceeds a threshold. However, classical nucleation theory does not include boundary effects. An enclosed spherical liquid cavity surrounded by elastic medium is introduced to model the nucleation process in tissue. Based on the equilibrium pressure relationship of a quasi-static process, the expressions of the threshold and the modified nucleation rate are derived by considering the tissue elasticity. It is shown that the constraint plays an important role in the nucleation process. There is a positive correlation between nucleation threshold pressure and constraint, which can be enhanced by an increasing tissue elasticity and reducing the size of the cavity. Meanwhile, temperature is found to be a key parameter of nucleation process, and cavitation is more likely to occur in confined liquids at temperature T > 100℃. In contrast, less influences are induced by these factors, such as bulk modulus, liquid cavity size, and acoustic frequency. Although these theoretical predictions of the thresholds have been demonstrated by many previous researches, much lower thresholds can be obtained in liquids containing dissolved gases, e.g., the nucleation threshold is about-21 MPa in a liquid of 0.8-nm gas nuclei at room temperature. Moreover, when there is a gas nucleus of 20 nm, the theoretical threshold pressure might be less than1 MPa.

促进全民阅读,建设书香中国——《全民阅读研究成果精选》的阅读文化学内涵阐微

论文依据江苏省全民阅读促进会最新编集问世的《全民阅读研究成果精选》,通过概述其“方略与发展”“理论与探讨”“路径与方法”及“儿童与家庭阅读”四编的具体内容,阐发了其中所包含的有关全民阅读认识论及方法论的价值,探析了该书对于全民阅读推广的现实意义,及其对于阅读文化学的学科建设内涵。

抗水通道蛋白4抗体阳性视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病诊断与治疗进展

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSDs)以抗水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体阳性NMOSDs最为多见,主要表现为反复发作的视神经炎和脊髓炎等,严重降低患者生活质量。近年来,对该病的诊断技术、诊断标志物和免疫治疗药物不断有新的认识,本文综述抗AQP4抗体阳性NMOSDs的诊断技术和诊断标志物新进展以及新的治疗药物,以促进对该病的诊断与治疗新技术的理解和应用,探索更多可能的临床诊断与治疗方法。

基于光注入电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器获取光学频率梳

提出了一种基于电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器在外部光注入下产生光学频率梳的方案,实验研究了关键参量对所产生的光学频率梳性能的影响。在该方案中,首先采用频率为1.6 GHz(激光器弛豫振荡频率)、功率为19 dBm的正弦信号直接电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器,使其进入增益开关状态;进一步引入单光注入以及双光注入以获取高性能光学频率梳。实验研究结果表明:采用单光注入时,在合适的注入光功率条件下,连续变化注入光波长可使产生的光学频率梳的中心波长在1525~1560 nm内实现连续调谐。光学频率梳的梳线数目呈现周期性变化,变化周期为激光器的纵模间距0.28 nm(35 GHz);在给定注入光波长条件下,逐渐增加注入光功率,光学频率梳的梳线数目先在一个较高水平附近振荡,然后急剧下降,最后趋于平缓,而光学频率梳的载噪比呈现先增加后饱和的趋势;在优化单光注入参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含49根梳线的光学频率梳。引入额外的注入光构建双光注入,在优化的参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含92根梳线的光学频率梳。最后,对单光注入和双光注入以及不同注入波长间距的双光注入所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间的相干性进行了分析,发现各种光注入方式下所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间均具有强的相干性,其拍频信号中基频的单边带相位噪声均处于−125.0 dBc/Hz@10 kHz左右的水平。

基于植入式光纤传感网络的固体火箭发动机结构健康监测

为实现对固体火箭发动机结构健康状态的实时监测和评估,设计并研制了一种高强度飞秒光栅传感网络,重点研究了传感器与信号传输链路的涂覆和封装。开展了发动机界面脱粘模拟实验。设计可用于发动机应变、温度和载荷的模拟演示系统,建立了基于光纤传感器采集数据的发动机数字孪生模型,形成发动机实物与数字孪生体的精准映射。最后将光纤传感器阵列植入发动机,对发动机开展水压监测实验、高低温存储实验、长周期监测实验和点火实验。对监测结果进行无损检测验证,结果表明该传感网络能够准确测量出发动机的应变状态,为固体火箭发动机的结构健康管理提供有效的数据支撑。

供包机数字孪生控制方法研究

为提升供包机控制性能,提出供包机数字孪生控制方法研究。首先,通过包裹进行动力学和运动学分析,得到有效供包的时间与空间约束;然后,构建数字孪生控制框架,对供包机、包裹、分拣机进行三维模型,搭建系统的动力学模型;最后,将供包机、包裹、分拣机小车等参数作为孪生控制算法输入,以上包时间作为约束,求解加减速段传送带的运行速度,从而实现上包时间点和上包位置的精准控制。试验结果表明,数字孪生控制方法的有效性,确定包裹的初始位置是影响包裹落点的主要因素,包裹与传送带间的摩擦系数、上包位置、段间空隙是影响控制性能的主要因素。

基于光纤传感航天器神经网络与数字孪生研究

文中设计了一种掺杂Al_(2)O_(3)、Y_(2)O_(3)、P_(2)O_(5)的新型石英光纤,制作的光纤成品纤芯折射率类线性分布。通过飞秒激光直写技术,在光纤上刻写出光纤Bragg光栅,制作出光栅串。将多根光栅串布设在航天器卫星模型上,形成航天器智能蒙皮,用于感知卫星结构损伤状态。基于上述测量数据,使用unity3D软件开发航天器的3D模型及相匹配的python程序对数据进行处理,实现航天器的数字孪生和状态感知。进一步通过模型建立和BP神经网络算法对传感数据进行感知训练,模型对撞击信号的预测准确率高达90%。

“果树育种学”课程思政建设路径探索与实践

立德树人是高校立身之本,所有课程都有育人功能。课程思政是学校发挥专业课程德育作用的有效平台。“果树育种学”是园艺专业的核心课程,学术性强,内容深奥。从“提升教师的思想政治意识和业务能力;深度挖掘课程中蕴含的思政元素,编制典型教学案例;丰富教学手段,改进教学环境;把实践教学与课程思政相结合;实行多元化考核评价体系”等五个方面进行课程思政建设路径的探索与实践,取得了良好的教学效果,构建了“果树育种学”课程思政可行性框架,以期为同类课程思政建设提供借鉴和参考。

虚拟同步机控制策略下的STATCOM相间电容电压平衡方法研究

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