Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon...Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work,and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt%delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1),outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1),and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg^(−1) together with superior coulombic efficiency of~100%.Additionally,the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments,which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical medicine.Besides,Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn–Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data.Thus,a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.展开更多
Divertor detachment achieved by injecting impurities or increasing density is always accompanied with various local radiation phenomena in the boundary or core plasma. This paper presents the formation and evolution o...Divertor detachment achieved by injecting impurities or increasing density is always accompanied with various local radiation phenomena in the boundary or core plasma. This paper presents the formation and evolution of the high-field-side(HFS) radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in upper single null configuration with two directions of toroidal magnetic field in EAST tokamak. The neon mixed with deuterium seeding can induce the divertor detachment with strong radiation belts in the HFS scrape-off layer(SOL) region. With the increase of the radiation power, the plasma discharge will transit from H-mode to L-mode, and meanwhile the radiation belts move away from the near X-point to HFS SOL. When the radiation power is high enough, the radiation belts begin to move further to the other X-point along the HFS SOL, and even cause plasma disruption. The results indicate that the behavior of the radiation belts is related to the radiation power, plasma confinement performance and state of divertor detachment, which is useful for developing better feedback control methods to achieve high-performance radiative divertor operation mode.展开更多
Neon(Ne)seeding is used to cool the edge plasma by radiation to protect the divertor tungsten(W)target in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The W sputtering in the outer divertor target with Ne s...Neon(Ne)seeding is used to cool the edge plasma by radiation to protect the divertor tungsten(W)target in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The W sputtering in the outer divertor target with Ne seeding is assessed by the divertor visible spectroscopy system.It is observed that the W sputtering flux initially increases with Ne concentration in the divertor despite the decreasing plasma temperature.After reaching a maximum around 25 eV,the W sputtering rate starts to decrease,presenting a suppression effect.The effect on the divertor W sputtering flux and yield due to the competition between the increase of the Ne concentration and the decrease of the plasma temperature is discussed.The results show that enough Ne seeding is essential to effectively reduce the electron temperature and thus to suppress W sputtering.Moreover,ELM suppression is observed when Ne and W impurities enter the core plasma,which could be correlated to the enhanced turbulence transport in the pedestal.展开更多
AIM:To establish and validate a simple quantitative assessment method for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)based on a combination of the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate.METHODS:A tota...AIM:To establish and validate a simple quantitative assessment method for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)based on a combination of the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate.METHODS:A total of 170 subjects were enrolled in this study.All subjects were examined by ultrasound and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS)on the same day.The ultrasound hepatic/renal echointensity ratio and ultrasound hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were obtained from ordinary ultrasound images using the MATLAB program.RESULTS:Correlation analysis revealed that the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were significantly correlated with 1HMRS liver fat content(ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio:r=0.952,P=0.000;hepatic echo-intensity attenuation r=0.850,P=0.000).The equation for predictingliver fat content by ultrasound(quantitative ultrasound model)is:liver fat content(%)=61.519×ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio+167.701×hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate-26.736.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the liver fat content ratio of the quantitative ultrasound model was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and triglyceride,but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal point for diagnosing fatty liver was 9.15%in the quantitative ultrasound model.Furthermore,in the quantitative ultrasound model,fatty liver diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 94.7%and 100.0%,respectively,showing that the quantitative ultrasound model was better than conventional ultrasound methods or the combined ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate.If the 1H-MRS liver fat content had a value<15%,the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound quantitative model would be 81.4%and 100%,which still shows that using the model is better than the other methods.CONCLUSION:The quantitative ultrasound model is a simple,low-cost,and sensitive tool that can accurately assess hepatic fat content in clinical practice.It provides an easy and effective parameter for the early diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis and evaluation of the efficacy of NAFLD treatment.展开更多
The high rate of relapse among heroin users remains a significant public concern in China. In the present study, we utilized a Motivation-Skill-Desensitization-Mental Energy (MSDE) intervention and evaluated its effec...The high rate of relapse among heroin users remains a significant public concern in China. In the present study, we utilized a Motivation-Skill-Desensitization-Mental Energy (MSDE) intervention and evaluated its effects on abstinence and mental health. Eighty-nine male heroin users in a drug rehabilitation center were enrolled in the study. The participants in the MSDE intervention group (n=46) received MSDE intervention, which included motivational interviewing, coping skills training, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy. The participants in the control group (h=43) received a series of lectures on skills training. A significant increase in Contemplation Ladder score (P<0.001) and decreases in scores on the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (P<0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (P<0.001), and Aggression Questionnaire (P=O.O33) were found immediately after intervention. Compared to the control group, the MSDE intervention group reported significantly higher abstinence rates (P=0.027) and retention rates (P<0.001) at follow-up. Overall, the MSDE intervention, which uses a combined strategy for relapse prevention, could be a promising approach for preventing relapse among heroin users in China.展开更多
AIM: To identify clonality and genetic alterations in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the nodules derived from it. METHODS: Twelve FNH lesions were examined. Twelve hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and 22 hepatocell...AIM: To identify clonality and genetic alterations in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the nodules derived from it. METHODS: Twelve FNH lesions were examined. Twelve hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and 22 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were used as references. Nodules of different types were identified and isolated from FNH by microdissection. An X-chromosome inactivation assay was employed to describe their clonality status. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected, using 57 markers, for genetic alterations.RESULTS: Nodules of altered hepatocytes (NAH), the putative precursors of HCA and HCC, were found in all the FNH lesions. Polyclonality was revealed in 10 FNH lesions from female patients, and LOH was not detected in any of the six FNH lesions examined, the results apparently showing their polyclonal nature. In contrast, monoclonality was demonstrated in all the eight HCAs and in four of the HCCs from females, and allelic imbalances were found in the HCAs (9/9) and HCCs (15/18), with chromosomal arms 11p, 13q and 17p affected in the former, and 6q, 8p, 11p, 16q and 17p affected in the latter lesions in high frequencies (≥ 30%). Monoclonality was revealed in 21 (40%) of the 52 microdissected NAH, but was not found in any of the f ive ordinary nodules. LOH was found in all of the 13 NAH tested, being highly frequent at six loci on 8p, 11p, 13q and 17p. CONCLUSION: FNH, as a whole, is polyclonal, but some of the NAH lesions derived from it are already neoplastic and harbor similar allelic imbalances as HCAs.展开更多
Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,an...Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant no.51821004].
文摘Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work,and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt%delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1),outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1),and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg^(−1) together with superior coulombic efficiency of~100%.Additionally,the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments,which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical medicine.Besides,Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn–Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data.Thus,a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.
基金Project supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFE0301300 and 2019YFE03030000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12005004, 11922513, and U19A20113)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2008085QA38)。
文摘Divertor detachment achieved by injecting impurities or increasing density is always accompanied with various local radiation phenomena in the boundary or core plasma. This paper presents the formation and evolution of the high-field-side(HFS) radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in upper single null configuration with two directions of toroidal magnetic field in EAST tokamak. The neon mixed with deuterium seeding can induce the divertor detachment with strong radiation belts in the HFS scrape-off layer(SOL) region. With the increase of the radiation power, the plasma discharge will transit from H-mode to L-mode, and meanwhile the radiation belts move away from the near X-point to HFS SOL. When the radiation power is high enough, the radiation belts begin to move further to the other X-point along the HFS SOL, and even cause plasma disruption. The results indicate that the behavior of the radiation belts is related to the radiation power, plasma confinement performance and state of divertor detachment, which is useful for developing better feedback control methods to achieve high-performance radiative divertor operation mode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFE0301300,2017YFA0402500,and 2018YFE0303103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12192283 and 12022511)+3 种基金the Users with Excellence Project of Hefei Science Center,CAS(Grant No.2018HSC-UE008)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund(Grant No.BJPY2019B01)the JSPS-CAS Bilateral Joint Research Project(Grant No.GJHZ201984)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-SLH010)。
文摘Neon(Ne)seeding is used to cool the edge plasma by radiation to protect the divertor tungsten(W)target in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The W sputtering in the outer divertor target with Ne seeding is assessed by the divertor visible spectroscopy system.It is observed that the W sputtering flux initially increases with Ne concentration in the divertor despite the decreasing plasma temperature.After reaching a maximum around 25 eV,the W sputtering rate starts to decrease,presenting a suppression effect.The effect on the divertor W sputtering flux and yield due to the competition between the increase of the Ne concentration and the decrease of the plasma temperature is discussed.The results show that enough Ne seeding is essential to effectively reduce the electron temperature and thus to suppress W sputtering.Moreover,ELM suppression is observed when Ne and W impurities enter the core plasma,which could be correlated to the enhanced turbulence transport in the pedestal.
文摘AIM:To establish and validate a simple quantitative assessment method for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)based on a combination of the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate.METHODS:A total of 170 subjects were enrolled in this study.All subjects were examined by ultrasound and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS)on the same day.The ultrasound hepatic/renal echointensity ratio and ultrasound hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were obtained from ordinary ultrasound images using the MATLAB program.RESULTS:Correlation analysis revealed that the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were significantly correlated with 1HMRS liver fat content(ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio:r=0.952,P=0.000;hepatic echo-intensity attenuation r=0.850,P=0.000).The equation for predictingliver fat content by ultrasound(quantitative ultrasound model)is:liver fat content(%)=61.519×ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio+167.701×hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate-26.736.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the liver fat content ratio of the quantitative ultrasound model was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and triglyceride,but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal point for diagnosing fatty liver was 9.15%in the quantitative ultrasound model.Furthermore,in the quantitative ultrasound model,fatty liver diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 94.7%and 100.0%,respectively,showing that the quantitative ultrasound model was better than conventional ultrasound methods or the combined ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate.If the 1H-MRS liver fat content had a value<15%,the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound quantitative model would be 81.4%and 100%,which still shows that using the model is better than the other methods.CONCLUSION:The quantitative ultrasound model is a simple,low-cost,and sensitive tool that can accurately assess hepatic fat content in clinical practice.It provides an easy and effective parameter for the early diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis and evaluation of the efficacy of NAFLD treatment.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30872175,No.81573236).
文摘The high rate of relapse among heroin users remains a significant public concern in China. In the present study, we utilized a Motivation-Skill-Desensitization-Mental Energy (MSDE) intervention and evaluated its effects on abstinence and mental health. Eighty-nine male heroin users in a drug rehabilitation center were enrolled in the study. The participants in the MSDE intervention group (n=46) received MSDE intervention, which included motivational interviewing, coping skills training, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy. The participants in the control group (h=43) received a series of lectures on skills training. A significant increase in Contemplation Ladder score (P<0.001) and decreases in scores on the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (P<0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (P<0.001), and Aggression Questionnaire (P=O.O33) were found immediately after intervention. Compared to the control group, the MSDE intervention group reported significantly higher abstinence rates (P=0.027) and retention rates (P<0.001) at follow-up. Overall, the MSDE intervention, which uses a combined strategy for relapse prevention, could be a promising approach for preventing relapse among heroin users in China.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Grants 30171052, 30572125 and 30772508the CAMS Cancer Hospital Clinical Research Project LC2007A21
文摘AIM: To identify clonality and genetic alterations in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the nodules derived from it. METHODS: Twelve FNH lesions were examined. Twelve hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and 22 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were used as references. Nodules of different types were identified and isolated from FNH by microdissection. An X-chromosome inactivation assay was employed to describe their clonality status. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected, using 57 markers, for genetic alterations.RESULTS: Nodules of altered hepatocytes (NAH), the putative precursors of HCA and HCC, were found in all the FNH lesions. Polyclonality was revealed in 10 FNH lesions from female patients, and LOH was not detected in any of the six FNH lesions examined, the results apparently showing their polyclonal nature. In contrast, monoclonality was demonstrated in all the eight HCAs and in four of the HCCs from females, and allelic imbalances were found in the HCAs (9/9) and HCCs (15/18), with chromosomal arms 11p, 13q and 17p affected in the former, and 6q, 8p, 11p, 16q and 17p affected in the latter lesions in high frequencies (≥ 30%). Monoclonality was revealed in 21 (40%) of the 52 microdissected NAH, but was not found in any of the f ive ordinary nodules. LOH was found in all of the 13 NAH tested, being highly frequent at six loci on 8p, 11p, 13q and 17p. CONCLUSION: FNH, as a whole, is polyclonal, but some of the NAH lesions derived from it are already neoplastic and harbor similar allelic imbalances as HCAs.
文摘Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.
