Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors have emerged as a pivotal intervention in diabetes management,offering significant cardiovascular benefits.Empagliflozin,in particular,has demonstrated cardioprotective ...Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors have emerged as a pivotal intervention in diabetes management,offering significant cardiovascular benefits.Empagliflozin,in particular,has demonstrated cardioprotective effects beyond its glucose-lowering action,reducing heart failure hospitalizations and improving cardiac function.Of note,the cardioprotective mechanisms appear to be independent of glucose lowering,possibly mediated through several mechanisms involving shifts in cardiac metabolism and anti-fibrotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative pathways.This editorial summarizes the multifaceted cardiovascular advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors,highlighting the need for further research to elucidate their full therapeutic potential in cardiac care.展开更多
Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- ...Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- namics of climate and vegetation phenology in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using meteorological data （1961-2010） from 11 stations and phenology data （2004-2012） from 6 ecological observation stations. We also estimated the gross primary production for the period of 1982-2009 and found that the annual mean tem- perature increased at a rate of 0.47~C/decade during 1961-2010, with the last 10 years being consistently warmer than the 50 years as an average. The most significant warming occurred in winters. Annual precipitation slightly decreased during the 50-year period, with summer precipitation experiencing the highest drop in the last 10 years, and spring precipitation, a rise. Spatially, annual precipitation increased significantly in the northeastern and eastern central areas next to the typical steppe. From 2004 to 2012, vegetation green-up and senescence date advanced in the study area, shortening the growing season. Consequently, the primary productivity of the desert steppe de- creased along the precipitation gradient from southeast to northwest. Temporally, productivity increased during the period of 1982-1999 and significantly decreased after 2000. Overall, the Last decade witnessed the most dramatic climatic changes that were likely to negatively affect the desert steppe ecosystem. The decreased primary produc- tivity, in particular, decreases ecosystem resilience and impairs the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen.展开更多
Early-and late-onset narcolepsy constitutes two distinct diagnostic subgroups.However,it is not clear whether symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcoleptics.This study compared ...Early-and late-onset narcolepsy constitutes two distinct diagnostic subgroups.However,it is not clear whether symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcoleptics.This study compared clinical data and single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)between early-and late-onset patients in a large cohort of 899 Han Chinese narcolepsy patients.Blood,cerebrospinal fluid,and clinical data were prospectively collected from patients,and patients were genotyped for 40 previously reported narcolepsy risk-conferring SNPs.Genetic risk scores(GRSs),associations of five different sets of SNPs(GRS1–GRS5)with early-and late-onset narcolepsy,were evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.Mean sleep latency was significantly shorter in early-onset cases than in late-onset cases.Symptom severity was greater among late-onset patients,with higher rates of sleep paralysis,hypnagogic hallucinations,health-related quality of life impairment,and concurrent presentation with four or more symptoms.Hypocretin levels did not differ significantly between early-and late-onset cases.Only rs3181077(CCR1/CCR3)and rs9274477(HLA-DQB1)were more prevalent among early-onset cases.Only GRS1(26 SNPs;OR=1.513,95%CI:0.893–2.585;P<0.05)and GRS5(6 SNPs;OR=1.893,95%CI:1.204–2.993;P<0.05)were associated with early-onset narcolepsy,with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.731 and 0.732,respectively.Neither GRS1 nor GRS5 included SNPs in HLA regions.Our results indicate that symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcolepsy.This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)Panels on Medical Human Subjects at Peking University People’s Hospital,China(approval No.Yuanlunshenlinyi 86)in October 2011.展开更多
为研究不同类型愈伤组织的叶绿体活性氧(ROS)代谢相关基因表达,探讨尾叶桉再生型愈伤组织转绿和不定芽分化之间的关系,将9 d苗龄的尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake)幼苗下胚轴接种在添加N-苯基-N-噻唑基脲、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤、吲...为研究不同类型愈伤组织的叶绿体活性氧(ROS)代谢相关基因表达,探讨尾叶桉再生型愈伤组织转绿和不定芽分化之间的关系,将9 d苗龄的尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake)幼苗下胚轴接种在添加N-苯基-N-噻唑基脲、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤、吲哚-3-乙酸的标准平板计数琼脂培养基(SPCA)中,外植体先膨大形成白色愈伤组织,8周后分化形成不同类型的愈伤组织(绿色带芽点愈伤组织、绿色愈伤组织、红色愈伤组织、白色愈伤组织)。4种愈伤组织中叶绿素质量分数分别为0.24、0.18、0.07、0.03 mg/g。实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应(qPCR)检测叶绿体rbcL基因和6个ROS代谢相关基因(TDP1、SOD2、DAR1、TRM4、TRF2、WTR1)的表达。qPCR检测到8周前的白色愈伤组织中4个叶绿体基因rbcL、TDP1、SOD2和DAR1的转录。其中,rbcL、TDP1、SOD2的转录水平随愈伤组织块的膨大不断升高,DAR1基因转录水平则较低。8周后,叶绿体rbcL基因和6个活性氧代谢相关基因均在绿色带芽点愈伤组织、绿色愈伤组织、红色愈伤组织中转录。设定红色愈伤组织中对应基因的表达量为1,绿色愈伤组织中,上述7个叶绿体基因(rbcL、TDP1、SOD2、DAR1、TRM4、TRF2、WTR1)相对表达量分别为8.84、3.36、2.89、2.65、2.53、1.28和7.49,绿色带芽点愈伤组织中7个基因的相对表达量分别为19.57、3.72、4.59、3.53、4.73、3.08和4.12。结果表明,愈伤组织转绿和不定芽分化过程中,叶绿体发育开始启动、叶绿素大量合成、rbcL转录显著增强,叶绿体中与活性氧代谢相关基因的表达水平升高。展开更多
A sustainable management of national park requires collaboration between park staff, NGOs, local organizations and stakeholders, and government intervention. This collaboration promotes community-based welfare and ins...A sustainable management of national park requires collaboration between park staff, NGOs, local organizations and stakeholders, and government intervention. This collaboration promotes community-based welfare and inspires a sense of responsibility, thus promoting more benefits than conflicts. A survey administered to residents surrounding Nyungwe National Park was used to evaluate the relationship between Nyungwe National Park management and local communities. The residents acknowledged a positive attitude towards participating in conservation organizations where there was involvement, while a negative response revealed weak community mobilization. The community’s opinions about protection and tourism progression noted weak conflict resolution, but a positive attitude towards tourism activities in the area since they believed employment was likely as a result. In addition, the residents asked for support from government investments and stakeholders to develop the local private sector, and asked to be involved during the planning process. Approaches including the design of coordination mechanisms and integrated conservation and developments projects are suggested to promote a management structure leading to community involvement in conservation and tourism activities. This will increase visitor numbers and contribute to economic development not only in the region but also in the whole country. Empirical studies along with the factors shaping tourism and conservation activities should be considered as the basis for sustainable decision and policy making for sustainable management, and will contribute to government, stakeholders and park manager collaborations at Nyungwe national park.展开更多
文摘Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors have emerged as a pivotal intervention in diabetes management,offering significant cardiovascular benefits.Empagliflozin,in particular,has demonstrated cardioprotective effects beyond its glucose-lowering action,reducing heart failure hospitalizations and improving cardiac function.Of note,the cardioprotective mechanisms appear to be independent of glucose lowering,possibly mediated through several mechanisms involving shifts in cardiac metabolism and anti-fibrotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative pathways.This editorial summarizes the multifaceted cardiovascular advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors,highlighting the need for further research to elucidate their full therapeutic potential in cardiac care.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2012CB722201)the National Basic Research Program of China (31200414, 31060320, 30970504)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of Inner Mongolia (2009ms0603)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System
文摘Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- namics of climate and vegetation phenology in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using meteorological data （1961-2010） from 11 stations and phenology data （2004-2012） from 6 ecological observation stations. We also estimated the gross primary production for the period of 1982-2009 and found that the annual mean tem- perature increased at a rate of 0.47~C/decade during 1961-2010, with the last 10 years being consistently warmer than the 50 years as an average. The most significant warming occurred in winters. Annual precipitation slightly decreased during the 50-year period, with summer precipitation experiencing the highest drop in the last 10 years, and spring precipitation, a rise. Spatially, annual precipitation increased significantly in the northeastern and eastern central areas next to the typical steppe. From 2004 to 2012, vegetation green-up and senescence date advanced in the study area, shortening the growing season. Consequently, the primary productivity of the desert steppe de- creased along the precipitation gradient from southeast to northwest. Temporally, productivity increased during the period of 1982-1999 and significantly decreased after 2000. Overall, the Last decade witnessed the most dramatic climatic changes that were likely to negatively affect the desert steppe ecosystem. The decreased primary produc- tivity, in particular, decreases ecosystem resilience and impairs the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen.
基金supported by the Research Project of Central Health Care Special Fund,China,No.W2017BJ52(to JZ)
文摘Early-and late-onset narcolepsy constitutes two distinct diagnostic subgroups.However,it is not clear whether symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcoleptics.This study compared clinical data and single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)between early-and late-onset patients in a large cohort of 899 Han Chinese narcolepsy patients.Blood,cerebrospinal fluid,and clinical data were prospectively collected from patients,and patients were genotyped for 40 previously reported narcolepsy risk-conferring SNPs.Genetic risk scores(GRSs),associations of five different sets of SNPs(GRS1–GRS5)with early-and late-onset narcolepsy,were evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.Mean sleep latency was significantly shorter in early-onset cases than in late-onset cases.Symptom severity was greater among late-onset patients,with higher rates of sleep paralysis,hypnagogic hallucinations,health-related quality of life impairment,and concurrent presentation with four or more symptoms.Hypocretin levels did not differ significantly between early-and late-onset cases.Only rs3181077(CCR1/CCR3)and rs9274477(HLA-DQB1)were more prevalent among early-onset cases.Only GRS1(26 SNPs;OR=1.513,95%CI:0.893–2.585;P<0.05)and GRS5(6 SNPs;OR=1.893,95%CI:1.204–2.993;P<0.05)were associated with early-onset narcolepsy,with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.731 and 0.732,respectively.Neither GRS1 nor GRS5 included SNPs in HLA regions.Our results indicate that symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcolepsy.This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)Panels on Medical Human Subjects at Peking University People’s Hospital,China(approval No.Yuanlunshenlinyi 86)in October 2011.
文摘为研究不同类型愈伤组织的叶绿体活性氧(ROS)代谢相关基因表达,探讨尾叶桉再生型愈伤组织转绿和不定芽分化之间的关系,将9 d苗龄的尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake)幼苗下胚轴接种在添加N-苯基-N-噻唑基脲、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤、吲哚-3-乙酸的标准平板计数琼脂培养基(SPCA)中,外植体先膨大形成白色愈伤组织,8周后分化形成不同类型的愈伤组织(绿色带芽点愈伤组织、绿色愈伤组织、红色愈伤组织、白色愈伤组织)。4种愈伤组织中叶绿素质量分数分别为0.24、0.18、0.07、0.03 mg/g。实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应(qPCR)检测叶绿体rbcL基因和6个ROS代谢相关基因(TDP1、SOD2、DAR1、TRM4、TRF2、WTR1)的表达。qPCR检测到8周前的白色愈伤组织中4个叶绿体基因rbcL、TDP1、SOD2和DAR1的转录。其中,rbcL、TDP1、SOD2的转录水平随愈伤组织块的膨大不断升高,DAR1基因转录水平则较低。8周后,叶绿体rbcL基因和6个活性氧代谢相关基因均在绿色带芽点愈伤组织、绿色愈伤组织、红色愈伤组织中转录。设定红色愈伤组织中对应基因的表达量为1,绿色愈伤组织中,上述7个叶绿体基因(rbcL、TDP1、SOD2、DAR1、TRM4、TRF2、WTR1)相对表达量分别为8.84、3.36、2.89、2.65、2.53、1.28和7.49,绿色带芽点愈伤组织中7个基因的相对表达量分别为19.57、3.72、4.59、3.53、4.73、3.08和4.12。结果表明,愈伤组织转绿和不定芽分化过程中,叶绿体发育开始启动、叶绿素大量合成、rbcL转录显著增强,叶绿体中与活性氧代谢相关基因的表达水平升高。
文摘A sustainable management of national park requires collaboration between park staff, NGOs, local organizations and stakeholders, and government intervention. This collaboration promotes community-based welfare and inspires a sense of responsibility, thus promoting more benefits than conflicts. A survey administered to residents surrounding Nyungwe National Park was used to evaluate the relationship between Nyungwe National Park management and local communities. The residents acknowledged a positive attitude towards participating in conservation organizations where there was involvement, while a negative response revealed weak community mobilization. The community’s opinions about protection and tourism progression noted weak conflict resolution, but a positive attitude towards tourism activities in the area since they believed employment was likely as a result. In addition, the residents asked for support from government investments and stakeholders to develop the local private sector, and asked to be involved during the planning process. Approaches including the design of coordination mechanisms and integrated conservation and developments projects are suggested to promote a management structure leading to community involvement in conservation and tourism activities. This will increase visitor numbers and contribute to economic development not only in the region but also in the whole country. Empirical studies along with the factors shaping tourism and conservation activities should be considered as the basis for sustainable decision and policy making for sustainable management, and will contribute to government, stakeholders and park manager collaborations at Nyungwe national park.
