The amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） technology was used to analyze the genetic diversities in four natural populations of Manila clam （ Ruditapes philippinarum）, distributed in four sea areas of Chin...The amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） technology was used to analyze the genetic diversities in four natural populations of Manila clam （ Ruditapes philippinarum）, distributed in four sea areas of China, i.e. , the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Two hundred and sixty-four AFLP loci were analysed in 195 individuals and revealed high levels of genetic diversity. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 92.13% to 96.06% and the Shannon＇ s information index was from 0.256 8 to 0. 275 6. By analyzing molecular variance （ AMOVA）, it was found that there were high levels of genetic differentiation between populations of Qingdao and the other three sea areas. Cluster analysis by Nei＇ s pairwise distances grouped specimens by geographical origin, except the population of Qingdao. A conclusion can be drawn that there are high genetic diversities in the four natural populations of Manila clam in China and some distinct differences existed among and between the four populations. The results also indicated that human cultivation activities will have great influence on the genetic structure of the population of Qingdao.展开更多
A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria ja...A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.展开更多
The present study investigated the applicability of integrated polychaete-fish culture for fish waste removal to offset negative impact induced by organic benthic enrichment.A field study demonstrated that deposition ...The present study investigated the applicability of integrated polychaete-fish culture for fish waste removal to offset negative impact induced by organic benthic enrichment.A field study demonstrated that deposition rate was significantly higher underneath the fish farm than that in control area.The material settling under the farm was characterized by a high amount of fish feces(45%) and uneaten feed(27%).Both feeding rate(FR) and apparent digestibility rate(ADR) increased with decreasing body weight,as was indicated by significantly a higher rate observed for the groups containing smaller individuals in a lab study.The nutrient in fresh deposited material(De) was higher than that in sediments collected under the farm(Se),resulting in lower feces production but higher apparent digestibility rate for the De group as feeding rate was similar.Consequently,higher nutrient removal efficiency was observed in the De group.A mass balance approach indicated that approximately 400–500 individuals m^(-2) is required for removing all waste materials deposited underneath the fish farm,whereas abundance can be lower(about 300–350 individuals m^(-2)) when only the fish waste needs to be removed.The results showed that a significant amount of waste had been accumulated in the fish cages in Sanggou Bay.The integration of fish with P.aibuhitensis seems promising for preventing organic pollution in the sediment and therefore is an effective strategy for mitigating negative effect of fish farms.Thus such integration can become a new IMTA(integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) model in Sanggou Bay.展开更多
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proporti...Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proportion of different trophic species in an IMTA system could improve the aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.At present,research on the proper proportions for farming species is scarce.We investigated the effects of IMTA modes of oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and kelp(Saccharina japonica)in different weight ratios on water quality and carbonate system in a closed enclosure experiment for three days in the Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province,China,in December 2017.Nine collocation modes in oyster:kelp weight ratio were tested showing as 24:3,24:2,24:1,16:3,16:2,16:1,8:3,8:2,and 8:1.The water parameters were determined at 17:00 on Day 1(D1),and 6:00 and 17:00 on Days 2(D2)and 3(D3).As two-way ANOVA showed,all increased parameters(dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,chl a,the carbonate system and pCO2)were significantly related to oyster-kelp modes,and interaction between modes and time were also significant(P<0.05).On the 3th day,the 8:3 mode was the highest in DO,pH,chl a,CO32-(P<0.05),and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),HCO3-,CO2,and pCO2 were the lowest(P<0.05).According to previous references and the results of this study,the appropriate oyster:kelp proportion at the beginning of winter is from 8:2 to 8:3.The results of this study may help government to optimize the aquaculture structure of Sanggou Bay.展开更多
Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopect...Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.展开更多
文摘The amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） technology was used to analyze the genetic diversities in four natural populations of Manila clam （ Ruditapes philippinarum）, distributed in four sea areas of China, i.e. , the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Two hundred and sixty-four AFLP loci were analysed in 195 individuals and revealed high levels of genetic diversity. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 92.13% to 96.06% and the Shannon＇ s information index was from 0.256 8 to 0. 275 6. By analyzing molecular variance （ AMOVA）, it was found that there were high levels of genetic differentiation between populations of Qingdao and the other three sea areas. Cluster analysis by Nei＇ s pairwise distances grouped specimens by geographical origin, except the population of Qingdao. A conclusion can be drawn that there are high genetic diversities in the four natural populations of Manila clam in China and some distinct differences existed among and between the four populations. The results also indicated that human cultivation activities will have great influence on the genetic structure of the population of Qingdao.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos30700619,40706050 and 40706048the National Key Basic Research Development Plan of China under contract No.2006CB400608+1 种基金the HI-TECH Research and Development Program of China of China under contract No.2006AA10Z414the National Science & Technology Pillar Program under contract No.2006BAD01A13.
文摘A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.
基金supported by Primary Research&Development Plan of Shandong Province(2016GGF01068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31302193,41676147)+3 种基金Environment and Aquaculture Governance(CHN-2152,13/0033)Public Funds of Key Laboratory of East China Sea&Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China(2013K06)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institutes(20603022015017)National Natural Science Foundation of China 41306117)
文摘The present study investigated the applicability of integrated polychaete-fish culture for fish waste removal to offset negative impact induced by organic benthic enrichment.A field study demonstrated that deposition rate was significantly higher underneath the fish farm than that in control area.The material settling under the farm was characterized by a high amount of fish feces(45%) and uneaten feed(27%).Both feeding rate(FR) and apparent digestibility rate(ADR) increased with decreasing body weight,as was indicated by significantly a higher rate observed for the groups containing smaller individuals in a lab study.The nutrient in fresh deposited material(De) was higher than that in sediments collected under the farm(Se),resulting in lower feces production but higher apparent digestibility rate for the De group as feeding rate was similar.Consequently,higher nutrient removal efficiency was observed in the De group.A mass balance approach indicated that approximately 400–500 individuals m^(-2) is required for removing all waste materials deposited underneath the fish farm,whereas abundance can be lower(about 300–350 individuals m^(-2)) when only the fish waste needs to be removed.The results showed that a significant amount of waste had been accumulated in the fish cages in Sanggou Bay.The integration of fish with P.aibuhitensis seems promising for preventing organic pollution in the sediment and therefore is an effective strategy for mitigating negative effect of fish farms.Thus such integration can become a new IMTA(integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) model in Sanggou Bay.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0900803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876185)+2 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0502)the Youth Talent Program Supported by Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018-MFS-T13)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-49)。
文摘Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proportion of different trophic species in an IMTA system could improve the aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.At present,research on the proper proportions for farming species is scarce.We investigated the effects of IMTA modes of oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and kelp(Saccharina japonica)in different weight ratios on water quality and carbonate system in a closed enclosure experiment for three days in the Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province,China,in December 2017.Nine collocation modes in oyster:kelp weight ratio were tested showing as 24:3,24:2,24:1,16:3,16:2,16:1,8:3,8:2,and 8:1.The water parameters were determined at 17:00 on Day 1(D1),and 6:00 and 17:00 on Days 2(D2)and 3(D3).As two-way ANOVA showed,all increased parameters(dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,chl a,the carbonate system and pCO2)were significantly related to oyster-kelp modes,and interaction between modes and time were also significant(P<0.05).On the 3th day,the 8:3 mode was the highest in DO,pH,chl a,CO32-(P<0.05),and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),HCO3-,CO2,and pCO2 were the lowest(P<0.05).According to previous references and the results of this study,the appropriate oyster:kelp proportion at the beginning of winter is from 8:2 to 8:3.The results of this study may help government to optimize the aquaculture structure of Sanggou Bay.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41761134052,41676147)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022017019)+2 种基金the Director Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.QNLM201707)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-49)the Postdoctoral Applied Research Programs of Qingdao Municipal Government
文摘Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.
