含油污泥处理技术研究进展

在石油生产加工过程中,会产生大量的含油污泥。含油污泥是一种固体乳化废弃物,通常由水、原油和固体颗粒物组成。由于其含有大量的环烷烃、苯系物、多环芳烃和其他有毒有害物质,未经处理会严重危害周围环境和人类健康。如何有效地处理含油污泥成为国内外研究人员关注的焦点。通过调研,从纯环保的角度,综述了焚烧、固化、氧化处理和生物处理等无害化处理技术;从原油回收的角度,综述了萃取、热解、超声波和热化学清洗等资源化回收技术,主要目的是通过讨论这些处理技术,总结它们各自的优缺点和作用机制,为国内外含油污泥新型处理技术的开发和应用提供参考。

离子液体在车用燃油萃取脱硫中的研究进展

离子液体具有独特的物理和化学特性,它在萃取脱硫时具有条件温和、操作简单、耗时较短、耗能较低等优点,因而离子液体在燃料脱硫中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了离子液体的性质,离子液体的应用范围,综述了低共熔类离子液体、咪唑类离子液体、吡啶类离子液体、聚合物类离子液体、哌嗪类离子液体、季铵盐类离子液体、吗啉类离子液体在车用燃料脱硫中的最新研究状况,对比分析了各类离子液体的优缺点。描述了离子液体的脱硫机理和再生方法,并指出各类离子液体在脱硫中所存在的一些问题。最后,指出找到一种绿色、廉价、脱硫率高、选择性好、再生性能优良的离子液体将是今后离子液体在车用燃油脱硫行业中的发展方向。

Extractive Desulfurization from Simulated Sulfur-Rich Naphtha

Upon extractive desulfurization of sulfur-rich oil obtained after recycling raffinate,the effects of single and compound extractants,temperature,and extractant/oil ratio on desulfurization rate,oil loss rate,extractant loss rate,and selectivity coefficient were investigated.The results showed that the thiophene existing in the simulated sulfur-rich oil could be further removed by extraction.The single-stage desulfurization rates achieved by dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and sulfolane(SF)were 53.51%and 47.36%,respectively,while the selectivity coefficient of SF was 1.13,which was higher than that of DMSO(with a selectivity coefficient of 1.04).For the compound extractant,a single-stage desulfurization rate of 49.59%and a selectivity coefficient of 1.40 were obtained by using DMSO+10%MEA as the extractant,which was higher than that of SF.Upon using 50%SF+50%DMSO as the extractant,the single-stage desulfurization rate reached 50.92%with a selectivity coefficient of 1.32.Based on the comprehensive consideration,the DMSO+10%MEA extractant was selected as the best extractant for treating the sulfur-rich oil.

Effect of Water on Extractive Desulfurization of Simulated FCC Gasoline Using Ionic Liquid NMP-FeCl_(3)-H_(2)O

A series of novel aqueous ionic liquids(NMP-FeCl_(3)-nH_(2)O)were prepared and the effects of water in the aqueous ionic liquids on desulfurization rate and selectivity of simulated FCC gasoline were investigated.The results showed that adding a small amount of water into the ionic liquid NMP-FeCl_(3) could effectively improve the desulfurization rate and selectivity,and the optimal amount of water was equal to 5%-10% of NMP.Finally,the possible desulfurization mechanism activated by a small amount of water was proposed.

Converting Thiophene in Simulated Coking Crude Benzene to N,N-Dimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide by Dimethylcarbamyl Chloride Under Mild Conditions

Since the content of thiophene in coking crude benzene is high, it is necessary to remove it from coking crude benzene for efficient utilization. In this study, an important intermediate, N,N-dimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide, was synthesized from thiophene and dimethylcarbamyl chloride. The influences of the dosages of dimethylcarbamyl chloride and ZnCl2 catalyst, reaction temperature and time on the removal rate were further explored based on the reaction kinetics.The structure of the target product was characterized by means of MS,NMR and 13C NMR.The removal rate of thiophene was 98.14% after the reaction for 2 h and thiophene was almost removed after the reaction for 3 h under the optimal reaction conditions [a molar ratio of n(thiophene):n(dimethylcarbamyl chioride):w(ZnCl2)=1:12:10,300 r/min, 318 K and 101.325 kPa].The acylation of thiophene with dimethylcarbamyl chloride was approximately in accord with the first order kinetic equation at 303-323K.The activation energy was 53.9850 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor was 1.4521×10^9 h^-1.