Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters,fatty acid compositions,and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks

The effects of different fatty acid(FA) contents in diet on serum parameters,FA compositions of eggs and meat,and liver morphological changes were studied in Shaoxing laying ducks.A total of 264 ducks at 17 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 30 g/kg fish oil(FO),25 g/kg sunflower oil(SO),or 30 g/kg palm oil with 20 g/kg beef tallow(PBO).Malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the liver and the serum of ducks fed the PBO diet was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of ducks fed the other diets.Triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) levels were significantly lower(P<0.05) in ducks fed the FO diet.Serum TC also was lower in ducks fed the SO diet.Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was also affected by diets.The contents of polyunsaturated FAs(PUFAs) in eggs and meat were significantly higher(P<0.001) in ducks fed the FO and SO diets than in ducks fed the control diet.The level of C22:6(n-3) FA in ducks fed the FO diet was significantly higher than that in ducks fed the other diets.However,the conversion efficiency of the longer-chain C20:5(n-3) FA was higher than that of C22:6(n-3).Ducks fed the PBO diet exhibited lipid droplet accumulation in the liver.These results demonstrate that a diet enriched with different FAs has strong effects on serum lipid levels and the deposition of PUFAs into tissue lipids.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate acts as an activator for the porcine Gpr3 of constitutively active G protein-coupled receptors

We cloned the complete coding sequences of porcine Gpr3,Gpr6,and Gpr12 genes.Further,on the basis of their high levels of sequence similarity,these genes are identified as a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors.These putative protein sequences also showed high sequence identity with other mammalian orthologs,including several highly conserved motifs.A wide expression of the Gpr3 gene in pigs was observed through tissue distribution analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and real-time PCR,specially in the brain,pituitary,fat,liver and oocyte,where its strong expression was observed.The Gpr3 gene was found to be located on chromosome 6 and a single exon coded for the entire open-reading frame.Expression of porcine Gpr3 in HEK293 cells resulted in constitutive activation of adenylate cyclase(AC)similar in amplitude to that produced by fully stimulated Gs-coupled receptors.Moreover,sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)could increase AC activation via the constitutively active Gpr3 receptor.When a Gpr3-green fluorescent protein(GFP)construct was expressed in HEK293 cells,GFP-labeled Gpr3 protein was shown to be localized in the plasmalemma and subcellular membranes.After S1P treatment,agonist-mediated internalization could be visualized by confocal microscopy.In short,our findings suggest the porcine Gpr3,Gpr6,and Gpr12 genes as a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors,and porcine Gpr3 was a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor.Constitutive activation of AC and agonist-mediated internalization of Gpr3 receptor could be modulated by the S1P,suggesting that S1P might act as an activator for porcine Gpr3 receptor.

并发糖尿病和甲状腺功能亢进对雄性动物睾丸和附睾组织形态学及类固醇激素合成的作用（英文）

目的:评估糖尿病和甲状腺功能亢进对雄性动物睾丸和附睾组织形态学及类固醇激素合成的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。创新点:以小鼠为模型,首次研究并发糖尿病和甲状腺功能亢进对雄性哺乳动物睾丸、附睾发育和类固醇激素合成的影响。方法:32只ICR品系小鼠分为四组:对照组(C)、糖尿病组(D)、糖尿病+甲亢组(DH)和甲亢组(H)。D组小鼠以200 mg/kg剂量单次腹膜内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ),诱导糖尿病成功。另对其中一半以0.3 mg/kg剂量每天注射甲状腺素,组成DH组。小鼠试验结束后,采集睾丸、附睾和血液,并离心分离获得血清。睾丸和附睾用4%(0.04 g/ml)多聚甲醛固定,并用苏木精-伊红染色法(H&E)观察睾丸和附睾组织形态学变化,用放射免疫测定(RIA)试剂盒检测血清中睾酮、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、胰岛素、甲状腺素(T4)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)的含量并进行分析。结论:D和DH组小鼠的体重、睾丸和附睾的重量显著降低。相比于正常甲亢或糖尿病小鼠,DH组中血糖水平显著升高。甲状腺激素可能是通过改变糖尿病患者的血清血糖水平对血糖稳态产生瞬时影响。组织形态学分析结果显示,在DH和H组小鼠睾丸中,输精管管腔增大,上皮厚度减少,睾丸生殖干细胞发生萎缩性变化。DH组小鼠的附睾头呈现主细胞压实、纤毛、脂质空泡化和炎症浸润现象。在附睾尾部观察到了小管完整性受损、透明细胞聚积和细胞脱落,并发现圆形精子。对于DH和H组,甲亢提高了小鼠血清睾酮水平,并损害了附睾的组织形态。总之,本试验模拟了多腺体自身免疫综合征对雄性繁殖的影响,这将有助于更好地了解男性并发糖尿病和甲亢患者不育的原因。

BMP2,BMP4及BMP信号通路相关成员在发情周期小鼠子宫中的表达(英文)

研究目的:研究骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)2,4及BMP信号通路相关成员在发情周期小鼠子宫中的表达模式。创新要点:运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)系统地研究了Bmp2和Bmp4及其BMP信号通路相关成员在小鼠子宫中mRNA水平表达模式,同时运用免疫组化方法研究了BMP2蛋白在小鼠子宫中的定位模式。研究方法:收集发情周期各个时期小鼠子宫,一侧子宫角贮存于液氮或-80°C冰箱用于实时荧光定量PCR,另一侧子宫角用40 mg/ml多聚甲醛固定用于BMP2蛋白免疫组化定位。重要结论:实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,Bmp2的表达水平在发情前期显著高于发情期和发情后期(P<0.05),Bmp4的表达水平呈现显著波动,但Bmp2与Bmp4差异不显著(P>0.05)。Bmpr1a和Bmpr2的表达水平在整个发情周期无显著变化(P>0.05)。然而,Bmpr1b的mRNA水平在发情期显著下降(P<0.05),在发情后期上升。此外,Bmpr1b的mRNA水平显著低于相应时期Bmpr1a和Bmpr2的mRNA水平(P<0.05)。三种R-Smads差异地表达于小鼠子宫,并且Smad1和Smad5的表达水平显著高于Smad8(P<0.05)。此外,Smad4的表达水平在整个发情周期无显著变化。免疫组化结果显示,BMP2蛋白在整个发情周期差异表达,并主要定位于子宫腔上皮细胞和腺上皮细胞。我们的结果提供了BMP2和BMP4及其BMP信号通路相关成员mRNA水平表达变化信息,这些数据为论证BMP在子宫内膜中的作用如子宫内膜的退化与重塑提供量化和有用的信息。

正常发情周期豚鼠经孕马血清促性腺激素诱导的卵泡黄体化研究(英文)

目的：研究孕马血清促性腺激素（eCG）对发情周期豚鼠卵巢卵泡的作用。创新点：首次发现eCG对于发情周期豚鼠发挥了类似促黄体素的作用，而非促卵泡素的作用。方法：将成年雌性豚鼠（400-700g，连续2次以t观察到稳定的16天发情周期）分为对照组（腹腔注射生理盐水）和实验组（腹腔注射eCG）。实验组根据注射强度分为20IU组和50IU组，并分别于注射后4和8天采集豚鼠卵巢。用苏木精．伊红染色法（H＆E）和免疫组化法观察豚鼠卵巢变化情况。测定注射后4天卵巢卵泡大小和数量，测定注射后8天卵巢和子宫重量、黄体数量、黄体化细胞数量和闭锁黄体细胞比例。结论：本实验中，豚鼠经eCG注射后卵巢变化结果显示：发情期豚鼠卵巢经eCG注射发生明显的形态改变（图1），50IU组豚鼠卵巢在注射后8天出现了黄体化未破裂卵泡（LUF）现象（图3）。免疫组化结果显示增值细胞核抗原（PCNA）和类激素调节蛋白（STAR）都免疫定位于黄体化卵泡（图8）。综上所述，eCG对于发情期豚鼠发挥了类似促黄体素的作用。