Domain-Specific Formal Ontology of Archaeology and Its Application in Knowledge Acquisition and Analysis

Inherent heterogeneity and distribution of knowledge strongly prevent knowledge from sharing and reusing among different agents and software entities, and a formal ontology has been viewed as a promising means to tackle this problem. In this paper, a domain-specific formal ontology of archaeology is presented. The ontology mainly consists of three parts: archaeological categories, their relationships and axioms. The ontology not only captures the semantics of archaeological knowledge, but also provides archaeology with an explicit and formal specification of a shared conceptualization, thus making archaeological knowledge shareable and reusable across humans and machines in a structured fashion. Further, we propose a method to verify ontology. correctness based on the individuals of categories. As applications of the ontology,we have developed an ontology-driven approach to knowledge acquisition from archaeological text and a question answering system for archaeological knowledge.

面向考古的形式领域本体及其在知识获取和分析中的应用

随着计算机和互联网的迅猛发展和广泛应用，知识内在的异质性和分布性已经严重地阻碍了知识在多主体和软件实体之间的共享和重用，而形式本体已被认为是很有前途的解决方法。作为一门专业领域知识，考古学知识是人类知识的重要组成部分，在自然语言处理、知识系统、信息检索、信息提取和智能教学等知识密集型应用中是必不可少的。