Genomic surveillance of coxsackievirus A10 reveals genetic features and recent appearance of genogroup D in Shanghai,China,2016–2020

Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai,China,we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020.In the past five years,CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%.The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.In addition to entire VP1 sequencing,complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed.A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis.The CVA10sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%-100%nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region.For the first time,our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland,which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously.The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt,which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D.To conclusion,CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016-2020.CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention.

First Imported Case of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.5—Shanghai Municipality,China,May 13,2022

On April 27,2022,an international flight KL857 from Amsterdam,the Netherlands arrived at Pudong International Airport,Shanghai Municipality.Passengers were transferred to the quarantine hotel for a routine 14-day medical observation in Songjiang District and regularly tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).One of the passengers(a 37-year-old Chinese male)was reported positive and diagnosed as a mild case on April 29.The case set out from Uganda(flight KL535)on April 25 and transferred at Amsterdam,the Netherlands on April 26 and Seoul,the Republic of Korea(KL857)on April 27.The patient has been vaccinated in four doses against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)(Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd)in China and Uganda.After diagnosis,he was transferred to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center for treatment.He recovered after treatment and was discharged on May 12.

A Case of COVID-19 Detected in a Cargo Worker at Pudong Airport-Shanghai Municipality, China, November 8, 2020

On November 8,2020,a 51-year-old male went to the fever clinic of Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of symptoms and was tested for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In the early hours of November 9,the municipal and district-level CDCs determined his nucleic acid test results were positive,and after consultation with experts,comprehensive clinical examination,and inspection of imaging results,the COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed.

Virology features of a family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shanghai,China

The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 is currently continuing,and the World Health Organization has announced the risk assessment of the viruses as high.In this study,we analyzed virology features of SARS-CoV-2 causing a family cluster outbreak.Among the six family members,five have been laboratory-confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2 viruses.A total of five SARS-CoV-2 viruses have been isolated from the nasopharyngeal swabs.The complete genome of the viruses exhibited 100%nucleotide identity with each other.Only two nucleotide differences have been observed between genomes of the isolated viruses and the HCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 strain.Therefore,SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed as the causation of the family cluster infections.