Reservoir computing(RC)is an energy-efficient computational framework with low training cost and high efficiency in processing spatiotemporal information.The state-of-the-art fully memristor-based hardware RC system s...Reservoir computing(RC)is an energy-efficient computational framework with low training cost and high efficiency in processing spatiotemporal information.The state-of-the-art fully memristor-based hardware RC system suffers from bottlenecks in the computation efficiencies and accuracy due to the limited temporal tunability in the volatile memristor for the reservoir layer and the nonlinearity in the nonvolatile memristor for the readout layer.Additionally,integrating different types of memristors brings fabrication and integration complexities.To overcome the challenges,a multifunctional multi-terminal electrolyte-gated transistor(MTEGT)that combines both electrostatic and electrochemical doping mechanisms is proposed in this work,integrating both widely tunable volatile dynamics with high temporal tunable range of 10^(2) and nonvolatile memory properties with high long-term potentiation/long-term depression(LTP/LTD)linearity into a single device.An ion-controlled physical RC system fully implemented with only one type of MTEGT is constructed for image recognition using the volatile dynamics for the reservoir and nonvolatility for the readout layer.Moreover,an ultralow normalized mean square error of 0.002 is achieved in a time series prediction task.It is believed that the MTEGT would underlie next-generation neuromorphic computing systems with low hardware costs and high computational performance.展开更多
Recently,the incidence of cancer keeps increasing,seriously endangers human health,and has evolved into the main culprit of human death.Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs,such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin(DOX),have ...Recently,the incidence of cancer keeps increasing,seriously endangers human health,and has evolved into the main culprit of human death.Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs,such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin(DOX),have some disadvantages,including low therapeutic effect,poor water solubility,high toxic side effects,short blood circulation time in the body,and so on.To improve the anti-tumor effect of the drug in vivo and reduce its side effects on the body,researchers have designed and developed a variety of responsive nanocarriers.In this work,we synthesized D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 3350 succinate(TPGS3350)-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg(GPLGVR)-DOX(TPD)prodrugs in response to extracellular enzymes of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-9)in the tumor microenvironment and FA-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp(DEVD)-DOX(FPD)prodrugs responsive to intracellular enzymes of caspase-3.Then,intracellular and extracellular enzyme-responsive TPD&FPD micelles with DOX(TPD&FPD&D)were successfully prepared through dialysis method.The outer layer of TPGS3350 can prolong the blood circulation time of micelles in vivo,followed by accumulation of micelles at tumor tissue through enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect.The peptide of GPLGVR can be cleaved by MMP-9 enzymes to remove the outer layer of TPGS3350,exposing the targeting molecule of folate,and then the micelles are engulfed by tumor cells through folate receptor-mediated endocytosis.After entering the tumor cells,the free DOX loaded in the micelles is released,which induces tumor cell apoptosis to activate caspase-3 in the cells,cutting the peptide DEVD to accelerate the intracellular release of the DOX,which further enhances cytotoxicity to improve antitumor effect.展开更多
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of cancer treatment,benefiting millions of patients each year,but the side effects of chemotherapy drugs severely limit their clinical use.Doxorubicin(DOX)can cause various side effec...Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of cancer treatment,benefiting millions of patients each year,but the side effects of chemotherapy drugs severely limit their clinical use.Doxorubicin(DOX)can cause various side effects such as heart damage and treatment-related tumors.The effective use of active and passive targeting will improve the clinical application of DOX.Here,TPGS3350 and bioactive peptides were utilized to construct a micelle-based stage-by-stage impelled efficient system(missiles)for DOX delivery(DOX missiles).By taking advantage of the EPR effect,DOX missiles are efficiently enriched at the tumor site.After being cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase2(MMP2),the peptide(VRGD)targets tumor cells to facilitate uptake of the missiles by the tumor cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis.The intracellular activated caspase-3-catalyzed explosion of DOX missiles further enables efficient tumor killing.This study provides an efficient approach for DOX delivery and toxicity reduction.展开更多
Intelligent drug delivery system based on “stimulus-response”mode emerging a promising perspective in next generation lipidbased nanoparticle.Here,we classify signal sources into physical and physiological stimulati...Intelligent drug delivery system based on “stimulus-response”mode emerging a promising perspective in next generation lipidbased nanoparticle.Here,we classify signal sources into physical and physiological stimulation according to their origin.展开更多
Background:The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)performed in the prone split-leg position for the treatment of complex renal stones.Materials ...Background:The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)performed in the prone split-leg position for the treatment of complex renal stones.Materials and methods:A mature ECIRS protocol was designed.Retrospective analysis was conducted of medical records between January 2020 and December 2021 of patients with complex renal stones at one center who underwent ECIRS by 2 skilled surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the prone split-leg position.Results:A total of 44 patients were included in this study.Mean stone size was 26.1±12.7 mm,and the number of calyces involved was 4.36±2.09.Mean operative time was 71.1±21.8 minutes.Postoperative decline in hemoglobin was 15.8±9.8 g/L.Seventy-five percent of patients achieved stone-free status.The mean number of residual stones was 2.8±2.3,and the mean residual stone size was 10.30±4.76 mm.Six patients(13.6%)developed postoperative complications,including 4 with fever during the first 2 days postoperatively and 2 patients with transient postoperative pain.No patients developed severe complications.Conclusions:Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone split-leg position can be performed safely by experienced surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy in conjunction with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a successful technique for the treatment of complex renal stones.展开更多
Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) materials have been widely explored for various thin-film transistor (TFT) applications;however, their device performance is still restricted by the intrinsic material issu...Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) materials have been widely explored for various thin-film transistor (TFT) applications;however, their device performance is still restricted by the intrinsic material issues especially due to their non-crystalline nature. In this study, highly crystalline superlattice-structured IGZO nanowires (NWs) with different Ga concentration are successfully fabricated by enhanced ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The unique superlattice structure together with the optimal Ga concentration (i.e., 31 at.%) are found to effectively modulate the carrier concentration as well as efficiently suppress the oxygen vacancy formation for the superior NW device performance. In specific, the In1.8Ga1.8Zn2.4O7 NW field-effect transistor exhibit impressive device characteristics with the average electron mobility of ~ 110 cm^2-V^-1·s^-1 and on/off current ratio of ~ 10^6. Importantly, these NWs can also be integrated into NW parallel arrays for the construction of high-performance TFT devices, in which their performance is comparable to many state-of-the-art IGZO TFTs. All these results can evidently indicate the promising potential of these crystalline superlattice-structured IGZO NWs for the practical utilization in next-generation metal-oxide TFT device technologies.展开更多
Growing demand for seafood and reduced fishery harvests have raised intensive farming of marine aquaculture in coastal regions,which may cause severe coastal water problems without adequate environmental management.Ef...Growing demand for seafood and reduced fishery harvests have raised intensive farming of marine aquaculture in coastal regions,which may cause severe coastal water problems without adequate environmental management.Effective mapping of mariculture areas is essential for the protection of coastal environments.However,due to the limited spatial coverage and complex structures,it is still challenging for traditional methods to accurately extract mariculture areas from medium spatial resolution(MSR)images.To solve this problem,we propose to use the full resolution cascade convolutional neural network(FRCNet),which maintains effective features over the whole training process,to identify mariculture areas from MSR images.Specifically,the FRCNet uses a sequential full resolution neural network as the first-level subnetwork,and gradually aggregates higher-level subnetworks in a cascade way.Meanwhile,we perform a repeated fusion strategy so that features can receive information from different subnetworks simultaneously,leading to rich and representative features.As a result,FRCNet can effectively recognize different kinds of mariculture areas from MSR images.Results show that FRCNet obtained better performance than other classical and recently proposed methods.Our developed methods can provide valuable datasets for large-scale and intelligent modeling of the marine aquaculture management and coastal zone planning.展开更多
Asian dust comprises a large portion of the northern hemisphere atmospheric dust load,thereby exerting substantial influence on the Earth’s climate,global biogeochemistry and hydrological cycle through accelerated sn...Asian dust comprises a large portion of the northern hemisphere atmospheric dust load,thereby exerting substantial influence on the Earth’s climate,global biogeochemistry and hydrological cycle through accelerated snow and ice melt.Dust deposited on alpine glaciers encodes information on broad scale atmospheric-environmental processes.The(^(234)U/^(238)U)values of dust fine particulates can reflect the comminuting time and intermediate processes;thus,it provides a new method for the provenance of aeolian dust in the glacial snowpack/cryoconite.Here we present results from a comprehensive survey of uranium isotopic concentrations in dust collected from cryoconites on the glaciers of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).These results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the(^(234)U/^(238)U)values associated with snowpack/cryoconite dust over a broad range of glaciers in the northern TP.The values of the(^(234)U/^(238)U)ratio in the glaciers of western Qilian Mountains(Qiyi Glacier,Shiyi Glacier,Laohugou Glacier No.12)were the highest,followed by the Tanggula(Dunkemadi Glacier)and Kunlun Mountains(Yuzhufeng Glacier),whereas these values were the lowest in the eastern Qilian Mountains(Jingyangling Snowpack,Dabanshan Snowpack,Lenglongling Glacier).By including the analysis of Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,we find the spatial isotopic distribution reflects a combination of local dust,which is associated with short comminuting times,and dust transported over long ranges.Meteorological data indicate that the dust production in the west and north TP,Alxa arid lands and Gobi Deserts,may have a significant impact on the TP glaciers.Moreover,U-Sr-Nd isotopic composition and end-member mixing models(EMMA)were used in our study to find out the relative contribution of distinct Asian dust sources to the dust budget in the TP glaciers.The results reveal that snowpack/cryoconite dust is derived from both local sources(low comminution signatures)as well as other dust sources in the Asian region.Our study demonstrates the potential of U isotope composition as a dust tracing method.In particular,by investigating this composition on dust collected from glacier snowpack and cryoconite holes,we arrive at a map of the distribution characteristics of(^(234)U/^(238)U)values in different regions of the TP.Our study is the first to deploy uranium comminution age for Tibetan dust source tracing,and the results are important to elucidate the multiple origins and dynamics of dust in the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Urolithiasis is a common disease encountered in urology.Its incidence is 0.1%-14.8%in Western countries and 5.94%-9.15%in China,with a significantly higher incidence in South China than in North China.In some areas of...Urolithiasis is a common disease encountered in urology.Its incidence is 0.1%-14.8%in Western countries and 5.94%-9.15%in China,with a significantly higher incidence in South China than in North China.In some areas of South China,the incidence of calculi exceeds 20%.[1]Currently,percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)is the preferred treatment option for patients with multiple complex,renal cast,and multiple calyx stones.[2]Complex multiple stones are associated with a lower stone clearance rate and a higher complication rate.[3]Multichannel lithotripsy and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)in prone split-leg and inclined supine positions can improve the stone clearance rate.[4]The 2016 American Urological Association guidelines established multi-channel PCNL as a safe and effective treatment for complex stones.In a previous study,the stone-free rate in a single operation was 79%,but the size and number of channels increased,followed by an increased risk of bleeding.展开更多
Enveloped RNA viruses are a group of viruses with an outer membrane derived from a host cell and a genome consisting of ribonucleic acid(RNA).These viruses rely on host cell machinery and organelles to replicate and a...Enveloped RNA viruses are a group of viruses with an outer membrane derived from a host cell and a genome consisting of ribonucleic acid(RNA).These viruses rely on host cell machinery and organelles to replicate and assemble new virus particles.However,the interaction between viruses and host organelles may be disrupted by nanomaterials,such as gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with unique physical and chemical properties.In this study,we investigated the effects of AuNPs with different surface charge properties on the subcellular structure and function of mammalian cells,and their effects on two representative enveloped RNA viruses:lentivirus and human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43)antiviral potential.By comparing the subcellular effects of AuNPs with different surface charge properties,we found that treatment with AuNPs with positive surface charges induced more significant disruption of subcellular structures than neutrally charged AuNPs and negatively charged AuNPs,mainly manifested in lysosomes and Cytoskeletal disorders.The antiviral effect of the surface positively charged AuNPs was further evaluated using lentivirus and HCoV-OC43.The results showed that AuNPs had a significant inhibitory effect on both lentivirus and HCoV-OC43 without obvious side effects.In conclusion,our study provides insights into the mechanism of action and biocompatibility of AuNP in biological systems,while supporting the potential of targeting organelle dynamics against enveloped RNA viruses.展开更多
We investigate the effects of sea-salt aerosol(SSA) activated as cloud condensation nuclei on the microphysical processes, precipitation, and thermodynamics of a tropical cyclone(TC). The Weather Research and Forecast...We investigate the effects of sea-salt aerosol(SSA) activated as cloud condensation nuclei on the microphysical processes, precipitation, and thermodynamics of a tropical cyclone(TC). The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) was used together with a parameterization of SSA production. Three simulations, with different levels of SSA emission(CTL, LOW, HIGH), were conducted. The simulation results show that SSA contributes to the processes of autoconversion of cloud water and accretion of cloud water by rain,thereby promoting rain formation. The latent heat release increases with SSA emission, slightly increasing horizontal wind speeds of the TC. The presence of SSA also regulates the thermodynamic structure and precipitation of the TC.In the HIGH simulation, higher latent heat release gives rise to stronger updrafts in the TC eyewall area, leading to enhanced precipitation. In the LOW simulation, due to decreased latent heat release, the temperature in the TC eye is lower, enhancing the downdrafts in the region; and because of conservation of mass, updrafts in the eyewall also strengthen slightly; as a result, precipitation in the LOW experiment is a little higher than that in the CTL experiment.Overall, the relationship between the precipitation rate and SSA emission is nonlinear.展开更多
A one-step microwave irradiation method was used to deposit carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2((C, N)-TiO2) on commercial brick((C, N)-TiO2/brick). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractio...A one-step microwave irradiation method was used to deposit carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2((C, N)-TiO2) on commercial brick((C, N)-TiO2/brick). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible(UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). A selective technique was also used to investigate the concentration of hydroxyl radicals during UV–vis irradiation of the Methyl Orange solution with the as-prepared samples. The C and N dopants enhanced visible light absorption and provided a longer lifetime for the photo-generated electron–hole pairs. The SEM images showed that the as-prepared sample is porous. The dark adsorption and photodegradation test for(C, N)-TiO2/brick showed good photodegradation and good recyclability. The best photodegradation rate was 94% after 2 hr. The maximum degradation rate was maintained even after the 6th cycle. The good photocatalytic properties are attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, enhanced pollutant adsorption arising from the porous structure of the(C, N)-TiO2 thin film, and longer lifetime of the photo-generated electron–hole pairs.(C, N)-TiO2/brick should have potential commercial applications in photodegradation processes because of its low cost, good photodegradation, and excellent recyclability.展开更多
Most cellular elements could be functioned by forming aggregate structures through interactions with other molecules,which is like the luminescence mechanism of AIE molecules.However,in comparison to AIE molecules,the...Most cellular elements could be functioned by forming aggregate structures through interactions with other molecules,which is like the luminescence mechanism of AIE molecules.However,in comparison to AIE molecules,the aggregation of biological elements appears to be more complex due to membership and mechanism,which is in line with the trend in biological evolution following the principle of simplicity to complexity.Here,we chose three distinctive examples because they differ significantly in their composition and show a progression from simple to complex,namely protein–protein complexes,protein–nucleic acid complexes,and protein–nucleic acid–lipid complexes.The majority of units that perform functions within cells belong to these three types.We discuss the formation mechanisms and related functions of the protein–protein complex(PML-NB),the proteins–nucleic acids complex ribosome,and the proteins–nucleic acids–lipids complex exosome,and hope to provide expert insight for related fields.展开更多
With the convection-permitting simulation of Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)with a 3 km resolution for 10.5 days using mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.1(WRFV4.1),the influences ...With the convection-permitting simulation of Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)with a 3 km resolution for 10.5 days using mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.1(WRFV4.1),the influences of local closure QNSE planetary boundary layer(PBL)scheme and non-local closure GFS planetary boundary layer scheme on super typhoon Mangkhut are mainly discussed.It is found that in terms of either track or intensity of typhoon,the local closure QNSE scheme is better than the non-local closure GFS scheme.Local and non-local closure PBL schemes have a large influence on both the intensity and the structure of typhoon.The maximum intensity difference of the simulated typhoon is 50 hPa.The intensity of typhoon is closely related to its variations in structure.In the rapid intensification stage,the typhoon simulated by the QNSE scheme has a larger friction velocity,stronger surface latent heat flux,sensible heat flux and vapor flux,related to a higher boundary height and stronger vertical mixing.The latent heat flux and sensible heat flux on the surface conveyed energy upward for the typhoon while the water vapor was transported upward through vertical mixing.While the water vapor condensed,the latent heat was released,which further warmed the typhoon eyewall,strengthening the convection.The stronger winds also intensified the vertical mixing and the warm-core structure,further strengthened the typhoon.The differences in surface layer schemes dominated the differences between the two simulations.展开更多
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515011272)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61904208,62104091,52273246)+2 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2022A1515011064)Young Innovative Talent Project Research Program(No.2021KQNCX077)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20190807155411277,JCYJ20220530115204009).
文摘Reservoir computing(RC)is an energy-efficient computational framework with low training cost and high efficiency in processing spatiotemporal information.The state-of-the-art fully memristor-based hardware RC system suffers from bottlenecks in the computation efficiencies and accuracy due to the limited temporal tunability in the volatile memristor for the reservoir layer and the nonlinearity in the nonvolatile memristor for the readout layer.Additionally,integrating different types of memristors brings fabrication and integration complexities.To overcome the challenges,a multifunctional multi-terminal electrolyte-gated transistor(MTEGT)that combines both electrostatic and electrochemical doping mechanisms is proposed in this work,integrating both widely tunable volatile dynamics with high temporal tunable range of 10^(2) and nonvolatile memory properties with high long-term potentiation/long-term depression(LTP/LTD)linearity into a single device.An ion-controlled physical RC system fully implemented with only one type of MTEGT is constructed for image recognition using the volatile dynamics for the reservoir and nonvolatility for the readout layer.Moreover,an ultralow normalized mean square error of 0.002 is achieved in a time series prediction task.It is believed that the MTEGT would underlie next-generation neuromorphic computing systems with low hardware costs and high computational performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078246,22178270,and 82102204)support by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2020M680478).
文摘Recently,the incidence of cancer keeps increasing,seriously endangers human health,and has evolved into the main culprit of human death.Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs,such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin(DOX),have some disadvantages,including low therapeutic effect,poor water solubility,high toxic side effects,short blood circulation time in the body,and so on.To improve the anti-tumor effect of the drug in vivo and reduce its side effects on the body,researchers have designed and developed a variety of responsive nanocarriers.In this work,we synthesized D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 3350 succinate(TPGS3350)-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg(GPLGVR)-DOX(TPD)prodrugs in response to extracellular enzymes of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-9)in the tumor microenvironment and FA-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp(DEVD)-DOX(FPD)prodrugs responsive to intracellular enzymes of caspase-3.Then,intracellular and extracellular enzyme-responsive TPD&FPD micelles with DOX(TPD&FPD&D)were successfully prepared through dialysis method.The outer layer of TPGS3350 can prolong the blood circulation time of micelles in vivo,followed by accumulation of micelles at tumor tissue through enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect.The peptide of GPLGVR can be cleaved by MMP-9 enzymes to remove the outer layer of TPGS3350,exposing the targeting molecule of folate,and then the micelles are engulfed by tumor cells through folate receptor-mediated endocytosis.After entering the tumor cells,the free DOX loaded in the micelles is released,which induces tumor cell apoptosis to activate caspase-3 in the cells,cutting the peptide DEVD to accelerate the intracellular release of the DOX,which further enhances cytotoxicity to improve antitumor effect.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant Nos.2021YFA1201000 and 2018YFE0117800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)key project(grant No.32030060)+3 种基金the NSFC International Collaboration Key Project(grant No.51861135103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22078246,22178270 and 82102204)The authors also appreciate the support by“the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project”(19JCZDJC64100)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(grant No.2020M680478).
文摘Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of cancer treatment,benefiting millions of patients each year,but the side effects of chemotherapy drugs severely limit their clinical use.Doxorubicin(DOX)can cause various side effects such as heart damage and treatment-related tumors.The effective use of active and passive targeting will improve the clinical application of DOX.Here,TPGS3350 and bioactive peptides were utilized to construct a micelle-based stage-by-stage impelled efficient system(missiles)for DOX delivery(DOX missiles).By taking advantage of the EPR effect,DOX missiles are efficiently enriched at the tumor site.After being cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase2(MMP2),the peptide(VRGD)targets tumor cells to facilitate uptake of the missiles by the tumor cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis.The intracellular activated caspase-3-catalyzed explosion of DOX missiles further enables efficient tumor killing.This study provides an efficient approach for DOX delivery and toxicity reduction.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7214283)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(grant Nos.2021YFA1201000 and 2018YFE0117800)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Key Project(grant No.32030060)NSFC International CollaborationKey Project(grant No.51861135103)The authors also appreciate the support by the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(19JCZDJC64100)This study was also supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File no.0124/2019/A3).
文摘Intelligent drug delivery system based on “stimulus-response”mode emerging a promising perspective in next generation lipidbased nanoparticle.Here,we classify signal sources into physical and physiological stimulation according to their origin.
文摘Background:The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)performed in the prone split-leg position for the treatment of complex renal stones.Materials and methods:A mature ECIRS protocol was designed.Retrospective analysis was conducted of medical records between January 2020 and December 2021 of patients with complex renal stones at one center who underwent ECIRS by 2 skilled surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the prone split-leg position.Results:A total of 44 patients were included in this study.Mean stone size was 26.1±12.7 mm,and the number of calyces involved was 4.36±2.09.Mean operative time was 71.1±21.8 minutes.Postoperative decline in hemoglobin was 15.8±9.8 g/L.Seventy-five percent of patients achieved stone-free status.The mean number of residual stones was 2.8±2.3,and the mean residual stone size was 10.30±4.76 mm.Six patients(13.6%)developed postoperative complications,including 4 with fever during the first 2 days postoperatively and 2 patients with transient postoperative pain.No patients developed severe complications.Conclusions:Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone split-leg position can be performed safely by experienced surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy in conjunction with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a successful technique for the treatment of complex renal stones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51672229)the General Research Fund (CityU 11211317)+1 种基金the Theme-based Research (T42-103/16-N) of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China, and the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (NO.JCYJ20170818095520778)a grant from the Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong.
文摘Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) materials have been widely explored for various thin-film transistor (TFT) applications;however, their device performance is still restricted by the intrinsic material issues especially due to their non-crystalline nature. In this study, highly crystalline superlattice-structured IGZO nanowires (NWs) with different Ga concentration are successfully fabricated by enhanced ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The unique superlattice structure together with the optimal Ga concentration (i.e., 31 at.%) are found to effectively modulate the carrier concentration as well as efficiently suppress the oxygen vacancy formation for the superior NW device performance. In specific, the In1.8Ga1.8Zn2.4O7 NW field-effect transistor exhibit impressive device characteristics with the average electron mobility of ~ 110 cm^2-V^-1·s^-1 and on/off current ratio of ~ 10^6. Importantly, these NWs can also be integrated into NW parallel arrays for the construction of high-performance TFT devices, in which their performance is comparable to many state-of-the-art IGZO TFTs. All these results can evidently indicate the promising potential of these crystalline superlattice-structured IGZO NWs for the practical utilization in next-generation metal-oxide TFT device technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42101404,42107498]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2020YFC1807501].
文摘Growing demand for seafood and reduced fishery harvests have raised intensive farming of marine aquaculture in coastal regions,which may cause severe coastal water problems without adequate environmental management.Effective mapping of mariculture areas is essential for the protection of coastal environments.However,due to the limited spatial coverage and complex structures,it is still challenging for traditional methods to accurately extract mariculture areas from medium spatial resolution(MSR)images.To solve this problem,we propose to use the full resolution cascade convolutional neural network(FRCNet),which maintains effective features over the whole training process,to identify mariculture areas from MSR images.Specifically,the FRCNet uses a sequential full resolution neural network as the first-level subnetwork,and gradually aggregates higher-level subnetworks in a cascade way.Meanwhile,we perform a repeated fusion strategy so that features can receive information from different subnetworks simultaneously,leading to rich and representative features.As a result,FRCNet can effectively recognize different kinds of mariculture areas from MSR images.Results show that FRCNet obtained better performance than other classical and recently proposed methods.Our developed methods can provide valuable datasets for large-scale and intelligent modeling of the marine aquaculture management and coastal zone planning.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42022002)the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences(Grant No.SKLCS-ZZ-2022)+1 种基金funded through NSF Critical Zone Collaborative proposal#2011910the German Research Foundation(DFG)for funding through the Heisenberg Programme“Multiscale Simulation of Earth Surface Processes”.
文摘Asian dust comprises a large portion of the northern hemisphere atmospheric dust load,thereby exerting substantial influence on the Earth’s climate,global biogeochemistry and hydrological cycle through accelerated snow and ice melt.Dust deposited on alpine glaciers encodes information on broad scale atmospheric-environmental processes.The(^(234)U/^(238)U)values of dust fine particulates can reflect the comminuting time and intermediate processes;thus,it provides a new method for the provenance of aeolian dust in the glacial snowpack/cryoconite.Here we present results from a comprehensive survey of uranium isotopic concentrations in dust collected from cryoconites on the glaciers of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).These results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the(^(234)U/^(238)U)values associated with snowpack/cryoconite dust over a broad range of glaciers in the northern TP.The values of the(^(234)U/^(238)U)ratio in the glaciers of western Qilian Mountains(Qiyi Glacier,Shiyi Glacier,Laohugou Glacier No.12)were the highest,followed by the Tanggula(Dunkemadi Glacier)and Kunlun Mountains(Yuzhufeng Glacier),whereas these values were the lowest in the eastern Qilian Mountains(Jingyangling Snowpack,Dabanshan Snowpack,Lenglongling Glacier).By including the analysis of Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,we find the spatial isotopic distribution reflects a combination of local dust,which is associated with short comminuting times,and dust transported over long ranges.Meteorological data indicate that the dust production in the west and north TP,Alxa arid lands and Gobi Deserts,may have a significant impact on the TP glaciers.Moreover,U-Sr-Nd isotopic composition and end-member mixing models(EMMA)were used in our study to find out the relative contribution of distinct Asian dust sources to the dust budget in the TP glaciers.The results reveal that snowpack/cryoconite dust is derived from both local sources(low comminution signatures)as well as other dust sources in the Asian region.Our study demonstrates the potential of U isotope composition as a dust tracing method.In particular,by investigating this composition on dust collected from glacier snowpack and cryoconite holes,we arrive at a map of the distribution characteristics of(^(234)U/^(238)U)values in different regions of the TP.Our study is the first to deploy uranium comminution age for Tibetan dust source tracing,and the results are important to elucidate the multiple origins and dynamics of dust in the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Urolithiasis is a common disease encountered in urology.Its incidence is 0.1%-14.8%in Western countries and 5.94%-9.15%in China,with a significantly higher incidence in South China than in North China.In some areas of South China,the incidence of calculi exceeds 20%.[1]Currently,percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)is the preferred treatment option for patients with multiple complex,renal cast,and multiple calyx stones.[2]Complex multiple stones are associated with a lower stone clearance rate and a higher complication rate.[3]Multichannel lithotripsy and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)in prone split-leg and inclined supine positions can improve the stone clearance rate.[4]The 2016 American Urological Association guidelines established multi-channel PCNL as a safe and effective treatment for complex stones.In a previous study,the stone-free rate in a single operation was 79%,but the size and number of channels increased,followed by an increased risk of bleeding.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(grant Nos.2021YFA1201000 and 2018YFE0117800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82102204)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)key project(grant No.32030060)NSFC international collaboration key project(grant No.51861135103)The authors also appreciate the support of“the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project”(19JCZDJC64100)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021201038).
文摘Enveloped RNA viruses are a group of viruses with an outer membrane derived from a host cell and a genome consisting of ribonucleic acid(RNA).These viruses rely on host cell machinery and organelles to replicate and assemble new virus particles.However,the interaction between viruses and host organelles may be disrupted by nanomaterials,such as gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with unique physical and chemical properties.In this study,we investigated the effects of AuNPs with different surface charge properties on the subcellular structure and function of mammalian cells,and their effects on two representative enveloped RNA viruses:lentivirus and human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43)antiviral potential.By comparing the subcellular effects of AuNPs with different surface charge properties,we found that treatment with AuNPs with positive surface charges induced more significant disruption of subcellular structures than neutrally charged AuNPs and negatively charged AuNPs,mainly manifested in lysosomes and Cytoskeletal disorders.The antiviral effect of the surface positively charged AuNPs was further evaluated using lentivirus and HCoV-OC43.The results showed that AuNPs had a significant inhibitory effect on both lentivirus and HCoV-OC43 without obvious side effects.In conclusion,our study provides insights into the mechanism of action and biocompatibility of AuNP in biological systems,while supporting the potential of targeting organelle dynamics against enveloped RNA viruses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875168 and 41705117)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2015A030311026)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan(201707010088)
文摘We investigate the effects of sea-salt aerosol(SSA) activated as cloud condensation nuclei on the microphysical processes, precipitation, and thermodynamics of a tropical cyclone(TC). The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) was used together with a parameterization of SSA production. Three simulations, with different levels of SSA emission(CTL, LOW, HIGH), were conducted. The simulation results show that SSA contributes to the processes of autoconversion of cloud water and accretion of cloud water by rain,thereby promoting rain formation. The latent heat release increases with SSA emission, slightly increasing horizontal wind speeds of the TC. The presence of SSA also regulates the thermodynamic structure and precipitation of the TC.In the HIGH simulation, higher latent heat release gives rise to stronger updrafts in the TC eyewall area, leading to enhanced precipitation. In the LOW simulation, due to decreased latent heat release, the temperature in the TC eye is lower, enhancing the downdrafts in the region; and because of conservation of mass, updrafts in the eyewall also strengthen slightly; as a result, precipitation in the LOW experiment is a little higher than that in the CTL experiment.Overall, the relationship between the precipitation rate and SSA emission is nonlinear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672090 and 51372092)
文摘A one-step microwave irradiation method was used to deposit carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2((C, N)-TiO2) on commercial brick((C, N)-TiO2/brick). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible(UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). A selective technique was also used to investigate the concentration of hydroxyl radicals during UV–vis irradiation of the Methyl Orange solution with the as-prepared samples. The C and N dopants enhanced visible light absorption and provided a longer lifetime for the photo-generated electron–hole pairs. The SEM images showed that the as-prepared sample is porous. The dark adsorption and photodegradation test for(C, N)-TiO2/brick showed good photodegradation and good recyclability. The best photodegradation rate was 94% after 2 hr. The maximum degradation rate was maintained even after the 6th cycle. The good photocatalytic properties are attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, enhanced pollutant adsorption arising from the porous structure of the(C, N)-TiO2 thin film, and longer lifetime of the photo-generated electron–hole pairs.(C, N)-TiO2/brick should have potential commercial applications in photodegradation processes because of its low cost, good photodegradation, and excellent recyclability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)Key Projects,Grant/Award Numbers:31630027,32030060NSFC International Collaboration Key Project,Grant/Award Number:51861135103+5 种基金NSFC-German Research Foundation (DFG),Grant/Award Number:31761133013China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2020M680478the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project,Grant/Award Number:19JCZDJC64100Ten Thousand Elite Plan,Grant/Award Number:Y9E21Z11CAS international collaboration plan,Grant/Award Number:E0632911ZXNational KeyResearch&Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFE0117800。
文摘Most cellular elements could be functioned by forming aggregate structures through interactions with other molecules,which is like the luminescence mechanism of AIE molecules.However,in comparison to AIE molecules,the aggregation of biological elements appears to be more complex due to membership and mechanism,which is in line with the trend in biological evolution following the principle of simplicity to complexity.Here,we chose three distinctive examples because they differ significantly in their composition and show a progression from simple to complex,namely protein–protein complexes,protein–nucleic acid complexes,and protein–nucleic acid–lipid complexes.The majority of units that perform functions within cells belong to these three types.We discuss the formation mechanisms and related functions of the protein–protein complex(PML-NB),the proteins–nucleic acids complex ribosome,and the proteins–nucleic acids–lipids complex exosome,and hope to provide expert insight for related fields.
基金This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0602701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42075064 and 41875168)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies(No.2020B1212060025),and this work was supported by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.
文摘With the convection-permitting simulation of Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)with a 3 km resolution for 10.5 days using mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.1(WRFV4.1),the influences of local closure QNSE planetary boundary layer(PBL)scheme and non-local closure GFS planetary boundary layer scheme on super typhoon Mangkhut are mainly discussed.It is found that in terms of either track or intensity of typhoon,the local closure QNSE scheme is better than the non-local closure GFS scheme.Local and non-local closure PBL schemes have a large influence on both the intensity and the structure of typhoon.The maximum intensity difference of the simulated typhoon is 50 hPa.The intensity of typhoon is closely related to its variations in structure.In the rapid intensification stage,the typhoon simulated by the QNSE scheme has a larger friction velocity,stronger surface latent heat flux,sensible heat flux and vapor flux,related to a higher boundary height and stronger vertical mixing.The latent heat flux and sensible heat flux on the surface conveyed energy upward for the typhoon while the water vapor was transported upward through vertical mixing.While the water vapor condensed,the latent heat was released,which further warmed the typhoon eyewall,strengthening the convection.The stronger winds also intensified the vertical mixing and the warm-core structure,further strengthened the typhoon.The differences in surface layer schemes dominated the differences between the two simulations.