Engineering the Active Sites of MOF-derived Catalysts:From Oxygen Activation to Activate Metal-Air Batteries

The electrochemical processes of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)play a crucial role in various energy storage and conversion systems.However,the inherently slow kinetics of reversible oxygen reactions present an urgent demand for the development of efficient oxygen electrocatalysts.Recently,metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have attracted extensive attention in electrocatalysis research due to their unique porous structure,abundant active sites,and tunable structural properties.Especially,the optimization of the electronic structure of active sites in MOF derivatives has been proven as an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity.In this review,we provide an overview of the electronic structure optimization strategies for active sites in MOF derivatives as advanced catalysts in various O—O bond activation reactions,including the construction of synergistic effects between multiple sites,the development of heterogeneous interfaces,the utilization of metal support interactions,and the precise modulation of organic ligands surrounding catalytic active sites at the atomic level.Furthermore,this review offers theoretical insights into the oxygen activation and catalytic mechanisms of MOF derivatives,as well as the identification of active sites.Finally,the potential challenges and prospects of MOF derivatives in electrocatalysis are discussed.This review contributes to the understanding and advancement of efficient oxygen electrocatalysis in energy systems.

Molecular structure and application of covalent organic frameworks(COFs)in tumor therapy

The field of nanomedicine has emerged as a vital component in cancer treatment modalities over the past decades.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)at the nanoscale have become a novel and promising category of biomaterials in the field of nanomedicine.Their distinctive properties,such as low density,exceptional porosity,crystalline structure,remarkable thermal stability,versatile functionality,and biocompatibility,contribute to their significant potential in cancer therapy applications.This review firstly discusses COFs with various morphologies in theranostic applications.The primary morphologies of COFs for tumors treatment can be categorized into four types:nanospheres,nanosheets,nano-rods/tubes and nanoparticles.Furthermore,we review recent research articles and systematically discuss recent advancements in COFs for chemotherapy,chemodynamic therapy,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy and combination therapy.In conclusion,we outline the current obstacles and potential future directions for this distinctive research area.